Managerial and Organizational Behavior - Office Space A...

AbstractThere are four major influences that can impact an organizations structure. With the movie Office Space as an example, the way employees handle change, paradigms, power, and politics will be analyzed. Theories will be cited of what techniques can be initiated to ensure effective organizational management and behavior. Office Space is a great example of irrational management and bizarre human behavior. The executives at the fictitious company in the movie, Initech, do not demonstrate successful managerial organizational skills. Great respect is paid to the impact that organizational change can encompass. Managerial and Organizational BehaviorOffice Space: A Case StudyOrganizational behavior can be defined as individual behavior†¦show more content†¦Many of these attributes are present in non-fictional organizations as well. The way we handle change, paradigms, power, and political behavior, will all affect the way a department or company will run. I feel the way we react to change is the biggest issue. Change occurs every day, at work and at home; although, sometimes we are not conscious of it. Sometimes it is not significant enough to make a drastic impact. Managing ChangeOrganizations are changing nearly daily. It has become the standard in most organizations (Nelson, Quick, 2006). The presence of continuous change appears to be the only constant in organizational life today. One area that continues its transformation of organizations is the design itself. The way in which companies are configured today is changing (Buhler, 2000). Change can be as dramatic as downsizing or a merger, or it can be as minute as hiring more staff. Either way, it still has an impact on employees. The contingency approach to the structure of current organizations suggests there is no one best structure appropriate for every organization (Buhler, 2000, p. 15). Rather, this approach contends the best structure for an organization fits its needs for the situation at the time. The best structure for an organization may change over time-as the situation within which the company operates changes and the environment changes (Buhler, 2000, p. 15). The key is toShow MoreRelatedToo Much Too Soon Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY TOO MUCH TOO SOON NISHANT THAKUR 1775563 MGMT 121/ SM05(1) Synopsis The scenario is about Sara Patel; she has finished college and is working in a company called Maddison for three years. The first two years she had worked in sales department but now she is working as a sales trainer in the sales and development department. 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Impact Of Industrialisation On Patterns Of Urban Development

The impact of industrialisation on patterns of urban development in nineteenth century Europe Urbanization is defined as an omnipresent process during which a primary and rural society revolves gradually into a cultivated and industrious one. The linkage between industrialization and urban growth defies an explicit description it is tight and visible, but cannot be simply reduced to direct linearity. It is well known that many small African countries have initiated or accomplished low-level urbanization without economic growth. Roughly without industrial revolution, a few cities such as Italy and Netherlands had their urban dweller proportion raised. Switzerland, Germany, England and France had the similar phenomena. Precious long†¦show more content†¦During the proto-industrial development phase, production burgeoned in various villages and cottages near towns or commercial centers, which were fully packed with rural industrial workers. Nevertheless, shortages of investment in services and administration precluded those regions from turning into giant cities. Urban growth during this period depended highly on physical power such as transportation artery, mine and waterfalls and so forth. During the process of the coal-based expansion, the larger-scale production spurred by combination of technology and coal, had exerted much more influence upon urbanization than the former phase. Massive capital poured into coal-based settlements with the very intention to accelerate the urban growth. Yet production cost, expensive raw materials, low efficiency and political concerns impeded the whole process to a large extent. Not until the emergence of the second industrial revolution had the western and central Europe experienced an authentic convergence of industrial production and urban growth. London, the leader, together with Vienna, Berlin and Paris exploded in population and size during this period (Hohenberg et al., 1985). Economy of scale required continuous pooling of capital, employment and materials. Led by the Great Britain, the main European powers, such as France and Germany, all went through the

Open Work Space Research Essay Free Essays

The Study Recently in the work space, there seems to be a shift from this traditional cubicle style to a more open environment for the employees. This shift has me questioning why are innovative companies shifting towards this more open environment? It seems that these companies are looking not only for a change in scenery, but a change in the how there employees utilize the environment. During this study, I will use a variety of sources in order to understand a comma NYSE work space environment and other information pertaining the architectural design of a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Work Space Research Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The questions especially want to explore are: How does the open workspace effect the collaboration between employees? How does this work space attempt to foster an environment for creativity and innovation? Informational Sources The sources have used ranged from a variety of places. The information I collected from Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group was a large group interview which was required for a summer class where we studied cultures of creativity in Detroit, Michigan. These two interviews took place on August 24, 2013. The large group interview also included a tour of both companies to actually see the working environment firsthand. Field notes were also taken to help record detailed descriptions of the environment at both companies. Another source used for this research included an online magazine called 991. . This magazine publishes research in a condensed and easy to understand format for the general public. It described research on how to build a collaborative work space. I read this to help better my understanding of what a collaborative work space might look like and what re some key components for a creative work space. Also watched a video created by Wall Street Journal on Google’s New York work space because, have never been there. Th is video allowed me to visually see the environment where Google employees work. Another source utilized was a prCICS completed from an article called Building Research and Information. It included research done in this area which helped me orient myself with prior research already completed on this topic. Previous Research Completed on Work Space Environment One research prCICS I looked at included the importance of collaboration in the work space. They looked at three behaviors that contribute to effective collaboration: â€Å"awareness, brief interaction, and collaboration (working together)† (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 2). This term awareness means to understand what is going on in the environment around you. You are able to process this through â€Å"spatial features that promote awareness† and organizational factors that allow you to see other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 4-5). They noted Some benefits to this ‘high awareness’ Were rapid information sharing and ability to recognize when other employees were struggling Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 6). However there are some concerns for ‘high awareness’ in a collaborative environment also. It can be distracting, noisy from employees talking, and create a loss of privacy for the workers (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 7). Another term discussed was ‘brief interactions’ which means unplanned and short discussions you have with other employees. This results in â€Å"spatial features that promote interaction† and organizational factors that allow you to run into other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 9-10). Some benefits include improved information flow, increased learning, and increased development Of friendships (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 1). There are, however, some drawbacks which include a high potential for stress, an increase in distractions, and the potential for over communicating with employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 12). The other term discussed in the prCICS was collaboration. Collaboration in the work space can result in organizational f actors that allow employees to work in project rooms (Hangmen, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, ears. 18-19). Some benefits from these project rooms are quicker answers, access to other team members, and better project tracking (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 0). Despite these benefits, there are some concerns including the possibility for information overload, a shorter amount of time on certain tasks, and less privacy for employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 21). Evaluating Google and Two Outside Innovative Companies Google is the company which typifies an open work space concept. However, I needed to use Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group in Detroit, Michigan because they were local and accessible. Both of these companies were much smaller than Google. However, there are innovative and utilize the open work space concept. Google is known for their web search engine and try to make information easily accessible to the users. The Google New York campus occupies an entire floor and parts of other floors in a building covering an entire â€Å"city block in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood† (Alter, par. 7). This campus has grown from around 2,000 employees to nearly 3,000 and hiring in the areas of media and advertising (Jordan). Due to the arrival of additional employees, the newly hired have had to move from floor to floor (Jordan). In this campus as opposed to Silicon Valley, it is less tech focused and gives the employees a more natural working environment (Jordan). Google’s competitive and innovative nature attracts many young employees to their company. Despite Google’s great benefits, there is still a high turnover rate, which means they have a limited amount of time with their employees. Kidders Studio is an innovative company which is a part Of the creative community in Detroit, Michigan. Since 1 959, Kidders Studio has earned a beatable name for solving problems with designs. They started off solving problems by designing logos for the automotive companies in Detroit. In 201 1, Kidders moved to their new location on Broadway Street near the Detroit Tigers Stadium. Their diverse team of 25 office employees design logos and websites for advertisements, but their goal is to create the extraordinary (Patrick). They started with 16 employees and are looking to expand to 35 employees. Some of their biggest clients are Dave and Buster’s, Detroit Tigers, and Andiron Restaurant. At Kramer Design Group in Detroit, they specialize in designing the interiors of buildings. There are about 18 to 28 people that work at the office, because there are only 28 desks available. When they work with their clients, they focus on creating a particular environment in order to invoke a certain feeling (Kramer). They strive for listening to the client. However, sometimes the client does not know what they want until you show it to them. This company provides swatches of materials to help visualize the production or prototype built. They are known for creating traditional architecture, hotels, and presidential lofts. They have completed such projects in Detroit like the Madison Building, Broodier Towers, and Whitney Building (Kramer). Kramer Design Group is starting to pick up some business throughout the state. Kramer Design Group and Kidders Studio Work Space Company ices are redesigning offices in order to get a more spacious working environment for their employees. This open work space is intended to foster creativity and innovation. Designing a place to enhance creativity takes a lot of work not only on the companies half, but on the architects half as well. It is important the architect works in collaboration with their client to create a specific environment. In this case, the architect needs to create an environment that is not only functional to the employees, but pleasing to the customer. Open office spaces seem to fuel this creativity through the collaboration of diverse groups of people, the flexibility of the work space, and the atmosphere of the room with numerous examples from Detroit, Machine’s Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. A key component to this creativity and innovation is allowing the mixture of diverse groups of people to work together in an open area. To define diverse, this word is meant to describe how individuals with various job titles and functions can ark cohesively together. Providing people an open environment encourages informal connections to be made and ideas to be bounced off one another (Patrick). For example, at Kidders Studio, their work place fosters an environment where colleagues can collaborate with each other (Patrick). The studio is set up with no doors on any of the offices, even the Coo’s office. Over the years, the company has developed this process to be successful. During their meetings, they encourage administrative workers, designers, marketers, and writers to brainstorm ideas for projects (Patrick). These brainstorming sessions involve everyone in the company to work on a project where titles mean nothing (Patrick). Sometimes, disagreement can be a bad thing. But it has become a useful tool because, it encourages ideas to be explored and defended by the creator (Patrick). The end result is a better thought out solution which provides the customer with an outstanding product. Creating flexibility in the work space seems to be another crucial element which allows this creativity and innovation to flourish. Kramer Design Group utilizes the portability and disability of the room to create an environment where creativity is maximized. The portable chairs in the lunch space allow the user to rearrange the space. The emphasis on designing a flexible work space allows people to freely converse amongst one another (Kramer). It also gives the workers an environment which allows easy access to coworkers (Kramer). Some of the offices have glass walls to give the illusion of a more open space (Kramer). One thing that stands out is there are few private offices. Private offices close workers off from the company and do not allow for ideas to be exchanged while the open spaces help stimulate creativity. In an open space, the atmosphere plays an important role in the minimization of creativity and innovation. Kramer Design Group’s office is designed with a level of sophistication and professionalism to illustrate their knowledge in the design field (Kramer). The minute you step into the office, it is meant to create a feeling bigger than meets the eye. There is wall to wall glass to give an expansive feeling to the area and it makes the ceiling appear taller (Kramer). In the hallway, there are columns spaced equal distances apart and a white strip on the carpet to give the illusion of a never ending hall (Kramer). Even the lighting plays into the comfortable ambiance of the room with their modern looking lights which use some incandescent lighting. Their office provides a creative, yet comfortable environment. It allows their employees to think freely in the office with the respect of their fellow colleagues. Google’s Innovative Design Google’s New York campus has a similar goal in their office design like Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. â€Å"All of the design is meant to encourage interaction between structurally separate teams† (Jordan). By implementing this open work space, it influences the way groups of Google’s collaborate. Google’s intention by using an open work space is to create an environment specifically for the interaction between the workers. A fun design plan Google’s architects implemented is the vertical ladder chutes between floors, because the elevators are never known to be on time. This vertical ladder chute promotes unplanned collaborations (Alter, par. 7). Another touch Google added was giving the employees a bag to place their laptop in while climbing up the ladder (Jordan). This bag helped Google’s minimize the chance of dropping their laptops. When workers causally intermingle, it encourages informal connections to be made among colleagues. Senior software engineer, Mike Labels moved from Google’s Silicon Valley to Google’s New York campus. At Google’s Silicon Valley, their offices are created as an individual place with their own unique perks and specific design, which help the worker relate to their environment Road). Since Labels has transferred to Google’s New York office, he feels that coming to work here you will not mistake you are in some room at an ordinary building; you will know you are at Google in New York (Jordan). It seems Google’s New York office has created their own city within their building. Even some of their conference rooms are designed as a New York apartment to create a close environment for colleagues to collaborate within. Directly outside these conference rooms, it is setup like city with a fire hydrant, subway grates on the floor, and a narrow hallway with a cityscape on the wall (Jordan). This use of schematics throughout areas of their building makes it seem like the real New York City outside of the building. Collaboration is a good thing, but too much can also be a bad thing sometimes. There are many places to get away from the hustle and bustle of the office area. These areas include a reflecting room, a library, a private hone booth, and more. The library is dotted with Victorian photos from Star Wars hanging on the walls (Jordan). There are also secret door bookcases leading to refection or reading rooms (Jordan). Throughout the library are many books to help employees on coding, programming and working with different types of computers (Jordan). One of the coolest features is the virtual wall of books where employees can download books to their phones (Jordan). Theses rooms are meant to give the workers a place to escape to when they get stressed at work. Google jobs can cause high stress because Of all the work demands. They can stop by the library and pick out a book or even download one from the virtual wall. By creating this comfortable environment, it gives the employees a place to relieve their stress. Regional facilities manager, Laura Gimped mentioned with groups growing in Google how proprieties and juxtaposition effect the workers interactions (loran). Laura understands generally information and ideas are shared with co-workers who are nearby. This is part of the reason that Google has positioned their offices no more than 150 feet away from food to enhance informal interactions between its employees. So at any office location there s a micro-kitchen, a restaurant, or cafeteria nearby. This place encourages fellow Google’s to go grab a bite to eat whenever and where ever they may be in the building (Jordan). Their set up enables employees to â€Å"bump into coworkers from different teams within the† work space (Alter, par. 8). She has taken into account the growth of the company with an eye towards this idea of casual collision in the work space (Jordan). This allows fellow Google’s to have the opportunity to discuss an idea with someone they normally do not work with (Jordan). Some of the greatest ideas are inspired from unexpected inventions between people. Findings Coming from an architectural background has enabled me to see rooms differently from other people. However, after this research, I was able to look at a room and see the choices and decisions the architect had to make in designing the room. For example, their placement of furniture, walls, doors and windows in a room plays a critical role in how the work space is used. The way an architect designs a room actually plays an important role for what the customer ultimately wants. Each of the companies I research ultimately had a similar goal through using the open work space concept. Kidder’s goals was to create the extraordinary through logos and design. Their office design fostered their employees to be creative. Kramer Design Group specialized in interior designing. Their open work space also did the same by providing their employees with a creative environment. Both of these places were designed, so the employees interacted regularly in order to get their ideas. Through my research even though did not actually visit, Google, the above examples helped me visualize what I could not see at Google. I have come to greater appreciate the open work space concept and its purpose at Google is to maximize its employees creativity. Through my research on open work spaces at Google, I have come to understand the choices the architects had to make while designing Google’s New York office. They choose to design the environment with many unique features to enhance the collaboration between employees. I have now come to see that through creating an open work space it results in good ideas from employees. Essentially, these good ideas are able to be obtained through creating these unexpected conversations and casual collisions. This new understanding can help companies understand ways to obtain ideas from their employees. Through creating this type of environment similar to Google, companies will be able to design an environment to maximize the productivity of workers. Conclusion Google is known as the gold standard for innovation and creativity. Their architects have used the open work space to help them achieve this goal. Through the design of the open work space, Google’s from different teams or backgrounds bump into each other casually throughout the day. The intent is for these Google’s to discuss an idea with someone they may not work with daily. This chance interaction may be the catalyst for a new and creative idea. This new open work space approach is intended to inspire its employees and support creativity where new ideas can be developed and new discoveries made. Further Questions If another research paper was completed, it may be interesting to see how other innovative companies like Apple, Paxar, and Twitter are set up in regards to their work space design. It would be interesting to see how these companies layout their work space, because there could be similar correlations to how their employee’s collaborate like Google. In order to answer this question, you would need to look at the interactions between the errors of the company. Since work spaces are always being remodeled by companies, it would be interesting to track innovative companies over the next five year to see how their work space changed over time. It would be ideal to interview employees throughout the change of the work space to see how it has effected them. It may be interesting to also speak to the management to determine whether there were more ideas generated in the newer work space than in the current type work space. This could help understand the reason behind why companies design a creative environment for their workers. How to cite Open Work Space Research Essay, Essays

Stages of Team Development-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Team Management, Leadership, Personality, Communication and Motivation. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to give observation to others experience in our life with different members of team and people in day-to-day life. The report refers to different aspects such as team building, leadership skills or styles, dealing with different personalities through communication skills. The report also discusses emotional intelligence, which plays a vital role in planning of resources through examining a range of published articles, internet sites and personal experiences. Since, most of the people think that it is about specifying our quantities, number of labor and equipments, managing team members and materials but it is more than that; with aligning , motivating and inspiring people with project vision and objective, and one who is flexible in high tech and high touch components, which leads to different questions in our mind. For example, if our numbers are perfect but labor is under emotional stress, what if there are conflicts between different team members? What will happen if they are not self-oriented? In addition, what actually does project resource-planning mean outside IQ? Without answering these questions, one is in a non-convincing way as well as in a distorted view of the situation with several key factors missing without any clear evidence. Team Development Stages A team is a number of individuals with reciprocal abilities who would confer will a normal end goal whats more who are attempting interdependently should accomplish particular execution objectives utilizing an approach for which they hold themselves commonly responsible for different stages of team development such as; Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning (patching, 2017). Forming: - The forming of various typical and interpersonal issues seems unclear to some people. Moreover, the responsibilities and roles of team members are not understandable and are just excited. During the task of putting stick in the first intensive block, there were many issues. For example, some people were getting frustrated, as they were unable to put stick down to earth, which leads to trust issues. Therefore, it started losing its ground for not having proper rules and responsibilities Storming: - Power, control, and influence are considered as the storming issues. For example, in the same task described above every person was in control of his own power and trying to be a coach with recommending his own interest over others (self-oriented behaviors). This issue leads to conflicts, which cannot be resolved by assigning team leader. The team leader seems to lack in interpersonal skills, being reserved with controlling emotions and unable to clarify and elaborate the situation to manage. The lack of monitoring and controlling efficiency for different people with different personalities or when the work is not defined properly then team may become uncomfortable with the approach team leader is using. Norming: - Norming is a stage where team members start to resolve their issues and are more communicative, trustworthy. In this stage, the communication and the coordination among the team members start to increase. Monitoring and controlling most of the problems during a task get resolved and positive feeling starts to emerge within the group as there is one spokesperson and remaining are listeners. Performing:- Performing is the stage of open debate and with no harsh feeling. In this stage, people start trusting their team members, engaging in all issues and solving all problems without any disruptive feelings. The best example for team development is jet flying coordination; where there are no issues, no harsh feelings, being dependent on each other, with no affection, no power control, just coordination with each other through appreciations and communication. Leadership Styles Leadership style is more about motivating people and building relationship with nurturing behavior (BLUE). Sometimes another leadership style (RED) can be found where there is a situation of formal tone and a person needs to be direct and decisive. The leadership styles in business world require sense of purpose above vision to co-operate values, such as money (patching, 2017). For example, money takes over a persons contribution of time like self-value, spiritual value and personal relationship value and the person start losing his motivation, which inversely affects the soul of the project. There are different categories of leadership styles according to PMBOK@ guide 7th edition such as bureaucratic, laissez-faire, democratic, autocratic, coaching and strategic (4squareviews, 2017). In this group, there were people who were nervous and tried to control their emotions because they did not know whether they are going to be correct or wrong. These people also did not have good communication skills. Since being a non-native speaker, it is hard to say things than a native speaker. Due to this disadvantage, people try to control emotions and become reserved. In another hand, some people are systematic in their behavior style, which is good for leadership skills. Behavior in leadership plays a vital role at the time of negotiation. This skill is followed by suggestions making an adjustment in feelings, attitude, involving people for change in belief as well as the change in dysfunctional belief, surrounded by negative thoughts. Again, when there is negotiation on a certain price in the class, the group nominated the person who has good communication skills, emotional quotient and who is looking for a win-win situation with a power of patience and has the ability to ask why? The nomination of the leader depends on these qualities because then only the leader can deliver what the group wants in a negotiation. Since, the team was having a deadline factor of 10min in which we have to negotiate a price $16,500(approx.) with no range of negotiation as well as without knowledge of conditions, under those circumstances, the team led to a non-negotiable stage. Personality Styles Personality is that aspect of a person, which a project manager deals with his day-to-day life. When a project manager knows what kind of personality other person possesses, he is able to motivate that person easily. He also understands himself in a better way by increasing self-awareness so that he can understand how people are going to react to him. Personality might be the extrovert, introvert which can be explained by giving an example, during our discussion exercise about vice chancellor as well as about our job experience within certain time limit we noticed different behavior styles of different peoples with different facial expressions by moving their eyes in a different direction. What I noticed was that most of the people were introvert and two of the persons were hesitating to speak as they were unable to make eye-to-eye contact and were talking outside the business area. The body posture of those people was not in a good position and they were trying to pass the time rath er than facing one while others were having different facial expression. Most of the people try to visualize all things and then construct images before speaking but every individual has a different way of representing information. Therefore, it will result in movement of eyes; here are the different expressions of the eye as discussed in class shown in the figure. If I talk about the personality; while we were doing negotiation, exercise people were trying to access the other person behavior and style. It was not like xeroxing them and posing as they were standing in front of a mirror, which is a good sign. This is because it makes other people feel good and feeling other people better is what we have to do while negotiating (Alan patching 2017). We have to be emotionally attached to them but sometimes when we are negotiating with a situation where I win, you lose people, we have to make them sit in front place then they think that they are in the driving position. The fact is they are not and a person should also balance his rigidness against any displays of compromise other person shows but have your conscious mind in control because it may be a plot against you(Greg Williams). Motivational Types Motivation is always about inspiring others to dream more, to learn more, do more and become more than you are a leader (John Quincy Adams). Motivation depends on the style of person to persons relationship value and tries to understand each other through our motivational values. A good project manager is a leader who imposes situation, environment, and conditions, which suit his team members the most. In the class, the team had done certain exercise on motivational value system with different personalities with RED, BLUE, and GREEN with significant numbers. These numbers were there to determine those peoples behavior and reaction towards another team member after the completion of the project. BLUEs tried to be helpful in nature to others, ensuring each persons happiness, making every person life easier with certain objectives for future projects with all aspects of calculation. In another hand, REDs were direct in their nature with the given exercise of negotiation. When we were negotiating on a certain amount they were responsible to help us out rather than just increasing the range and making a situation in either win-lose or lose win condition. They were listening patiently to us and were trying to understand the situation of the customer about how it happened, under what circumstances it occurred and why the amount we were asking in negotiation was more than their amount. For example, if we have a new battery which costs around 250$, new leather seats, new tyres, with all new music system then the insurance company is trying to make sure that customer is fully satisfied. The company is also trying to create unwarranted conflicts rather just putting insurance company benefits ahead of the scustomer by increasing range by 10,000 (which was done by other groups). Communication Styles Communication is the basis for negotiation but language sometimes becomes a barrier to communication, there were certain people who can speak more than three languages and they can act as a negotiator for big companies. When we were doing an exercise of communication style to check up until what level we can understand someone without speaking a word, understand what that person feels, and tries to communicate through his actions References (2017). 5th Edition PMBOK GuideChapter 9: Leadership Styles on a Project. [online] Available at: https://4squareviews.com/2013/06/28/5th-edition-pmbok-guide-chapter-9-leadership-styles-on-a-project/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2017 (2017). Stages of Team Development. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/groups-teams-and-teamwork-6/building-successful-teams-53/stages-of-team-development-270-1614/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2017]. com. (2017).personality styles, types, theories and psychometrics models, personality tests and quizzes theory. [online] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/personalitystylesmodels.htm [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. Bond university. (2017) Alan patching notes

Managing People and Organisations

Introduction Organisations develop and implement management concepts that enable them to operate efficiently. These concepts are also called functions of management. They help managers to make tactical and strategic decisions to enhance efficient management of an organisation (Griffin and Moorhead 108).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Managing People and Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Functions of Management Planning This is the major function of management. It acts as a pillar upon which other functions are built. Planning enables managers to evaluate the present position of an organisation and decide in advance possible future developments. It provides a plan of action that elaborates what should be done and at what time. Moreover, it enhances drafting of the means and ways of achieving predetermined goals. It is vital in management because it ensures that human and no-human resources are u tilized properly. Moreover, it helps the management to avoid uncertainties, risks, possible wastes, and confusion (Keller 109). Organising Organising helps the management team to assemble human, finance, and physical resources. As a result, a productive relationship is created between the resources that enhance realization of set goals and objectives. Organising involves the identification of available resources, allocating and delegating duties, and coordinating both non-human and human resources. This ensures that resources are organised properly to enhance the achievement of goals developed during the planning phase (Griffin and Moorhead 108). Directing Directing involves influencing people to work efficiently. Influence to achieve goals is attained through motivation, communication, supervision, and leadership (Keller 109). Motivation inspires, stimulates, and encourages employees to work with determination. It can be in the form of job promotion, gifts or recognition of individ uals who perform excellently. Supervision entails monitoring the workforce and providing necessary directions and support.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership entails guiding the workforce in a desired direction. Finally, communication entails passing information, opinions, and/or experience within an organisation. It promotes teamwork and understanding. Controlling Controlling is the last function of management that entails measurement of the organisation’s accomplishments and correction of possible deviations. This is meant to ensure that the organisation achieves its goals systematically. Moreover, controlling ensures that the plans of an organisation occur according to predetermined standards. It investigates whether the company is aligned towards achieving its goals and objectives. In addition, it involves taking appropriate actions when necessary to correct any deviations from standards (Keller 109). Controlling entails the following steps: setting standard of performance, measuring actual performance, comparing actual performance with standards, and taking corrective actions (Griffin and Moorhead 108). Effective Management Traits For a person to manage an organisation effectively, he/she need to possess effective management traits. These traits will enable the person to control system processes and drive an organisation towards success. According to Jonathan Scott (79), effective management traits include the following: Integrity A good manager has integrity. This trait enables workers to build trust on the manager. To effectively manage people and organizations one need to be honest and follow rules. Integrity deters corruption which is dangerous to organisation development. Self-motivation A good manager is self-motivated. He/she does not need to be monitored to deliver. He/she must be capable of understanding the goals and objectives of an organisation. Furthermore, he/she should be ready to develop strategies for achieving those goals and objectives.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Managing People and Organisations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Team Player To effectively manage a business or people, one should be ready to work with a team. This means that a manager should corporate with the staff to achieve business goals and personal satisfaction. Ability to Solve Conflicts A manager acts as a bridge between top management and workers. He/she should be capable of solving conflicts between management and employees. In addition, one should be able to solve conflicts between the organisation and outside rivals diplomatically. Dependability An effective manager should be dependable such that the employer or employees can counted on him or her any time. Reliability helps one to gain people’s trust. Optimism Effective m anagement requires a person to have an optimistic attitude. This enables one to be visionary i.e. looking into the future with determination and hoping for the better even if the situation seems hopeless. Optimism inspires employees and makes them feel good about their work. Leadership Skills Effective managers have good leadership traits. He/she must be confident with his/her abilities to lead a team, provide directions, delegate duties appropriately, and command actions where necessary. Moreover, one must be capable of influencing others to achieve business or personal goals and objectives. Effective Communication Effective communication is vital in today’s business world. To manage an organisation effectively, one need to have efficient communication skills. This will enable him/her to communicate with prospective clients/customers. Providing Feedback Effective management requires that both negative and positive feedback be provided to respective parties. Feedback helps in dividuals to reflect on their performance and adjust accordingly.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Intelligentsia An effective manager should have a good understanding of his/her field of study and be able to show what he/she knows. This trait entails other characteristics such as intelligence, creativity, and humor (Keller 109). Fairness Managers should demonstrate fairness when formulating policies or delegating duties. This trait is vital in any organisation because it encourages teamwork and loyalty. Ability to Remain Calm Being able to remain calm and composed in all situations even when things are not working according to plans is not easy. However, a good manager should be able to cool down when circumstances get worse, employees become nuisance, and strategies fail to work. How to Achieve Effective Management Traits Effective management traits can be achieved through many ways. Some of the traits are inborn while others are learnt through several processes (Guido and Nueno 56). To achieve these traits one need to do the following: Investing in his/her Strengths People hav e natural strengths that permit their skills and capabilities. Investing in these strengths through training can enhance their perfection and refinement. For instance, if one is naturally good in negotiation, he/she should take negotiation classes to improve his/her negotiation skills. Invest in Knowledge Investing time to acquire the right knowledge and intelligence enhances one’s career development. For instance, to acquire better leadership skills, one may need to invest in leadership trainings to be perfect (Keller 109). Having the right relationship Keeping the right relationship with people who have management skills may help one to learn similar skills. Having a personal advisory board can enable one to achieve management traits. For instance, one may attain teamwork trait by having right networks or relationship. Investing in a Coach A coach can help one to achieve some traits such as self-motivation or provide one with tools to keep him/her focused. Coaching is one o f the mostly used methods of attaining effective management traits. Through Experience When one is chosen as a manager of an organisation, he/she can learn effective management skills while working. For instance, he/she can learn how to give feedback, treat each employee, and get employees motivated to achieve goals. Sharing with other Managers Sharing gives a person an opportunity to reflect on his/her management traits. This helps him/her to takes appropriate action to improve. For instance, if one becomes emotional very first, he/she can learn how to control his/her temper through colleagues (Keller 109). Seminars and workshops One can achieve management traits by attending seminars and workshops presided over by management experts. The experts will teach how to develop and nature management traits. Works Cited Griffin, Ricky and Gregory Moorhead. Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations. Oxford: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print Guido, Stein and Pedro Nueno. Managi ng People and Organizations: Peter Drucker’s Legacy, Bingley: Emerald, 2010. Print. Keller, Andreas. What is Effective Leadership? Managing People in Organisations. New York: GRIN Verlag, 2011. Print. Scott, Jonathan. Fundamentals of Leisure Business Success: A Manager’s Guide to Achieving Success in the Leisure and Recreation Industry, New York: Haworth Press Incorporated, 1998. Print. This assessment on Managing People and Organisations was written and submitted by user Maria A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writers Block 13 Strategies That Work - Freewrite Store

Writers Block 13 Strategies That Work - Freewrite Store With that in mind - here are 14 of our favorite tips for curing writer's block. We’ve all been there. The right words won’t come out, if any at all, and you don’t have a creative cell left in your brain - you’re ready to call it a day. Of course, I’m talking about the dreaded  writer’s block. Writer’s block can be stressful when you have writing tasks that need to get done. Writer’s block is a myth Gasp! It cannot be true. If writer’s block is a myth, then explain what I’m feeling right now? When you attack it from the root cause, you realize writer’s block stems from four underlying causes. These four underlying causes were detailed by  Jerry Jenkins, famed author of the  Left Behind  series.   The Four Root Causes Of Writer's Block Fear - Fear can be paralyzing. The thought that  you’re  not good enough and that your work won’t be accepted. Procrastination - Nobody’s better at putting of deadlines than writers.  Set  your deadlines in stone and keep your daily workload manageable. Perfectionism - Perfectionism  can  be a good trait during the editing process; however, it is not as valuable while  writing. Distractions - In today's day and age, it’s nearly impossible to avoid distractions. So what can you do about writer’s block? Now that you know the four root causes of writer’s block, you can take some  actionable  steps to eliminate it from your writing for good. If you’re anything like me, you could probably relate to all four of the root causes. As you read along, you’ll find that more than a few of these actionable tips apply to you. With that in mind - here are 14 of our favorite tips for curing writer's block. 1. Writing Prompts If you aren’t familiar with writing prompts, they are simply guided writing assignments designed to stimulate your imagination and get the creative juices flowing. Put simply, writing prompts get you writing.   It may not be the topic you originally set out to write about, but it may help you find your muse. If you’re stuck finding a topic to write about, or lost finding a fresh idea to attack the blank page, writing prompts may be a good habit to implement into your writing routine.   The right prompt can open up new ideas.  They can illuminate new  ways of looking at things you aren’t able to see on your own. You can find writing prompts a variety of ways. Many are  free online, you can  buy a book of them, or come up with them yourself. Write them down to use at a later time.  You can even have writing prompts sent to your inbox, with Writing Time Fridays! Join here to receive a great writing prompt emailed or texted to you on Friday at 12pm EST. This is a great way to carve out time for writing and get inspired. You can dedicate time for writing on Friday, like we do at Astrohaus, or you can wait and use the prompt over the weekend. Related:  Writing Habits to Jumpstart Your Creativity and Keep You Focused    2. Don’t Be a Perfectionist   Does this sound like you? You want everything to be perfect before you ever begin writing. Every pen stroke must be streaked with gold. You try to formulate the perfect passage in your head, but you never do, so you revert to underlying cause #2, procrastination.   Perfectionism will only hinder your good writing. I’ve written a number of blog posts over the years. If there’s one thing I’ve learned, nobody ever sees my first drafts. It sounds obvious, but nothing bad will come from writing words down. If you don’t like what you wrote, delete it. Leave the self-criticism for editing. 3. Stop Writing Sometimes,  It’s just not the right time to write. Your ideas may need a few more moments to formulate in your mind.   Surely, writing isn’t the only thing you ever do. You also need to eat, sleep, read, exercise, and interact with other people.   Even if writing is at the top of your to-do-list. Doing anything else, would be more beneficial than beating yourself up while staring at a blank page.   In a infamous  New Yorker  article, Ferris Jabr references overwhelming evidence that taking a walk can help you think through problems and be creative. Source: Elements of Walking Helps Us Think It’s ok to not always be writing, or thinking about your writing. 4. Change Your Writing  Medium Stuck in the mud? Try using Google Docs or Evernote instead of Word.  Put down the computer all together and try out your grandfather’s typewriter. What’s been most beneficial to me is freewriting in a journal or a piece of scrap paper. Any idea that comes to mind goes down on the paper. Often times, it doesn’t make any sense. 5. Eliminate Distractions This is one of the four core causes of writer’s block. In a world where we are faced with distractions left and  right, we no longer get to sit  in our log cabin in the woods and write in a quiet room. You have to take extra steps to create a distraction free environment in your mind.   5 Easy ways to eliminate distractions -  Turn off your cell phone- Unplug from the internet- Clean your desk- Let everyone know to leave you alone- Dim the light I’ve been using  Sprinter  by Astrohaus to focus on my writing. I even used it while writing this article.   6. Create A Schedule Every morning, I do two things. I wash my face, then I sit down at my desk and open my daily planner. I don’t check my phone, I don’t look at any emails, and I don’t talk to ANYONE. The second thing I do each morning is plan out my day. To paraphrase Jim Rohn, â€Å"If you don’t build a plan for your life, someone else will.†Ã‚   I plan my day down to the second, then I execute. It’s easy to say you†ll just get around to it, but taking the extra steps to plan out exactly when and for how long you’ll be writing, you’re that much more likely to do it.   Sometimes, you just have to put your head to the grindstone and write. If you’ve already done this before, then first address the root causes of writer’s block found above. If a pilot called his boss and said, â€Å"I have flyers block.† He would be laughed off the phone and probably told to hang up his wings. So, why do writers get to have writer’s block? 7. Find Some Inspiration Jack London once said, â€Å"You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club.†Ã‚   Put bluntly, refusing to write until you feel inspired it futile - at best. As a professional writer, you can’t afford to wait several days to find your muse. The world isn’t waiting for you. Related: 25 writing tips from authors 8. Keep A Journal Journaling aids in fostering your creativity and helps develop ideas. Similar to freewriting or writing prompts, journaling literally opens a book of ideas. Turn your thoughts and feelings into words. What do you journal about? I like to journal about my goals and the things/people I’m thankful for  each day. As a part of my morning routine, I write down my goals  Ã‚  and three people I’m thankful for. It’s not uncommon for writer’s to keep journals with them at all times. Sometimes inspiration strikes at the most unlikely and inconvenient times. Bottle that muse, and save it for later. â€Å"Always carry a notebook. And I mean always. The short-term memory only retains information for three minutes; unless it is committed to paper you can lose an idea forever.† -  Will Self 9. Go Outside I don’t just mean writing outside, but turning off your writing brain completely..   Nature offers an immediate boost to your mental and physical well-being. Sometimes, you have to slow down to speed up. A few benefits of going outside are: - Relieve stress- Improve short-term memory- Eliminate fatigue- Improve focus- Decrease blood pressure Combined, all of these things can help get the creative juices flowing. Maybe while you’re outside, you’ll find your inspiration.   10. Change Your Writing Space If venturing outside isn’t enough, maybe you need to change your work setting. Rotating your workspaces can increase your productivity and open yourself up to new ideas. Try a coffee shop, a library, bookstore, a park, or just a different room. Cultivate multiple spaces around you that foster your creativity and productivity . 11. Use Freewrite Every element of the Freewrite is designed to help you find your flow state and stay there. It works perfectly indoors or out, online or offline. Double your hourly word count, meet deadlines on time, and write better content. The Freewrite allows writers like you to create drafts without being distracted by notifications or the infinite possibilities on the internet. When it’s time to write, you can just write. If you're interested, you can head over to  the Freewrite store to learn more. 12. Create A Routine Ok, so you’ve burned through the previous eleven suggestions. You found one that worked, but it didn’t work the second time. What now?   You have to create a routine. As I mentioned in tip #6, I follow a strict morning schedule to get myself aligned with the tasks of the day. After journaling and planning my day, I spend 30 minutes on personal development. Today, I learned about copywriting from the legend Gary Bencivenga. I improved my craft and found some inspiration to apply to my writing. Lastly, that brings us to the granddaddy of them all... 13. Start Writing   You’ve exhausted every option on this list and have nothing left. Here’s the foolproof way to cure your writer’s block.   It’s this simple. Just start writing. You already know this, but evidently, the things that are easy to do are also easy not to do. It starts with one word, then another.   Solution   Personally, how did I cure my writer’s block? The root cause of my writer’s block was perfectionism. I expected myself to churn at a Pulitzer worthy 2,000 word article in less than an hour. Only once I embraced my full inner creativity was I able to write to free myself from the never-ending stuckness of writer’s block. My only hope is that after reading this tips, you are able to address your underlying cause of why you’re stuck so you can ditch writer’s block forever! Carlton Clark loves to write about business, baseball, and popular culture. A writer, marketer, and entrepreneur. At the age of 14, he founded the media company  ballplayerplus.com. Currently, Carlton helps businesses share their stories through social media and blogging. When he’s not writing or creating content, Carlton coaches youth baseball at his local high school and plays guitar. You can find him online on Instagram @itscarltonclark, and on Twitter @carlton_mukasa

Physical Chemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Physical Chemistry - Lab Report Example cent concentration is high, Heating of luminescent substance or if it is exposed to infrared radiation or an electric field this results causes the probability of no radiative transitions. This process is usually undesirable and very high requirement are therefore imposed on the purity of luminescents.phosphors which rapid quenching of luminescence occurs when the temperature is raised or when it is exposed to infrared radiation are also used. Varieties of molecular interactions can also result in quenching. Examples include excited-state reactions, molecular rearrangements, energy transfer, ground state complex formation and collisional quenching Quenching can occur due to optical properties of the sample. High optical densities or turbidity can also result in decreased fluorescence intensities. The trivial type of quenching may contain very little molecular information .quenching may occur without any permanent change in the molecules, for example with no photochemical reactions.in static quenching a complex if formed between the fluorophore and the quencher and the complex is nonfloures-cent.numerous application for quenching is as a result of the requirements of molecular contact, for example quenching measurements can reveal the accessibility of fluorophores to the quencher Both static and dynamic quenching requires molecular contact between the fluorophore and the quencher. Collisional quenching, the quencher must diffuse to the fluorophore during lifetime of the excited state. When in contact the fluorophore returns to the ground state, without emitting photons. For a static and dynamic quenching to occur the fluorophore and the quencher must be in contact. Requirement of molecular contact for quenching may result in the numerous applications of quenching. The mechanisms of quenching include: foster resonance energy transfer, exciplex, static quenching.in forster resonance energy transfer ,there are few distinct mechanisms by which energy can be

Should high schools in America be single or mixed gender, (should high Essay

Should high schools in America be single or mixed gender, (should high schools be all boy all girl or should they be mixed) - Essay Example The same is discussed at length in the paper, to arrive at a logical conclusion, regarding the viability and credibility of single-sex education as the most preferred and beneficial environment for learning. Today there has been a renewed interest in assessing the type of educational environment for students – i.e. single gender or coeducational setting and its likely influences positive or otherwise, on the learning abilities of the students enrolled therein. Various claims have been made by supporters and critics alike, regarding the likely impact of the educational environment or type of schooling on fostering the leadership skills, risks associated with sexual harassment, availability of better opportunities as well as eliminating or fuelling gender stereotypes. While some researchers have stressed on the advantages and significance of single-sex education as the single most tool of enhancing the educational experience of the students and securing their long term prospects, yet others have vehemently opposed the same, categorizing such a system as essentially reintroducing gender barriers and providing differing treatment to students on the basis of their gender. Although, with respect to any given educational setting, learning outcomes are a consequence of an interplay of various factors – such as, social, emotional, psychological, physical and intellectual and can hardly be construed as resulting from a single variable. The educational policy of the schools, composition of subjects taught, family background of the students etc work collaboratively towards enhancing the student’s overall performance. The change in socio-cultural environments have brought about significant transformations with regard to the opportunities available for both male as well as female students and hence played a major role in revolutionizing their educational experiences (Bracey, 2007). During the early 20th century, the country witnessed a shift from the highly

The application essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The application - Essay Example Information flow and its transmission from one station to the other and also the channels of communication were essential to our success. Mistakes that used to occur due to poor communication skills were usually detrimental to the survival of the force. I aspire to become a senior officer in the communication department of the military, where I will be presented with the opportunity to streamline the communication processes as well as upgrade the channels and techniques of communication in order to build a strong force. I will also have an opportunity to serve as a mentor to the upcoming military trainees in regard to communication in order to help them in building a career in the field. While studying in your institution, I will exercise my ability to participate in class work, an aspect of learning that I acquired since my secondary school days. I am used to organizing group work and discussions, which have always enabled me to be a leader in school as well as my days in the military. I have always been chosen to head discussion groups due to my organization skills coupled with conflict resolution skills, and I hope I will be able to utilize them in your institution. To supplement my leadership skills, I have experience in the field of communication, having worked in the Korean army broadcasting station when I served in the military. This was a great exposure in the field of communication. Understanding class work will be easy for me as I already have basic knowledge in communication. More over, I was able to use modern communication equipment and therefore I can be of much assistance to my colleagues in class, especially those who are joining this field for the first time. Apart from personal growth and career development, I understand that communication studies are important in social interactions. It helps in establishing relationships with groups of people in the society, while treating each group depending on its uniqueness. In

Sex Education in Schools Argumentative Essay

Sex Education in Schools Argumentative Essay The purpose of this report presents the findings of that sex education should be implemented in schools due to its many benefits to teenagers. The implementation of sex education in schools will provide teenagers with the correct information to enable them to make the right choices in life. On the other hand, some have claimed that implementing sex education in schools actually promotes the risk of sex and is ineffective. However, based on various research findings, it is shown that sex education is effective by reducing the rate of teen pregnancy, providing correct information and also decreasing the number of HIV, AIDS and STDs cases among teenagers. Hence, sex education encourages healthy teen sexuality. Introduction This is the real world, and in the real world, you need protection, Cherie Richards, a freshman in the College of Arts and Sciences. (Antonuk, 2006) In the simplest form, sex education is basically education about sexuality, contraceptive methods (condoms, drugs or surgery), how to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, the importance of protection and last but not least, attitudes and principles about sex. There are also two kinds of sex education which are abstinence-only programs and comprehensive education. However, both of them also teach about the process of sex education which can lead to teenagers understanding about how to make their choices and making them right. Teenagers need information and the right sources to help and protect themselves. This is because when they have no knowledge or whatsoever, they turned to media or even sometimes pornography to get information as their parents are not open enough about sex. Take this for example, at present time in the United States; the rate of teen birth and abortions is the highest among other western countries with teenagers over a number of one million going through pregnancy every year. The highest number of those having sexually transmitted diseases is also proven in past surveys and reports with teenagers being the apparent source. Meanwhile, Sub-Saharan Africa also has the highest number of teen pregnancy in the world. In Asian countries however, Thailand has reported that a noteworthy sum of unmarried teenagers are sexually active with 25% of students admitted to hospitals to undergo abortions. And even though the rate of teen marriage and pregnancy has dwindled in Malaysia and Indonesia, it doesnt change the fact that it is still considered quite high compared to the others. For more developed countries like Japan and South Korea, their teen pregnancy rates are at 4.6 and 2.9 respectively, which are the lowest in the world. (UNICEF, 2005) And therefore, the question is should sex education be implemented in schools? Most definitely, sex education should be implemented in schools because sex education can reduce teen pregnancy, its better for the teenagers to get information about sex and sexual protection methods from right sources (schools) rather than from the media and sex education in schools can also protect children and teenagers. This report will show convincing and undeniable evidence of why sex education should be implemented in schools. The majority of these research findings will be limited to the United States of America, because the rate of teen sex and pregnancy is found to be the highest in this region. 2.0 Reduce Rate of Teen Pregnancy Some had claimed that sex education does not have any effect on the rate of teen pregnancy. They said that those who took up the virginity pledges denied the oaths five years later and had had sex during that time. They argued that those who did take the pledges and those who didnt did not have much difference in not having sex. They felt that the information provided from the education was unable to help the teenagers and could not prevent teen pregnancy. (Ostrow Randall, 2008). However, it is indeed proven to be true that sex education can reduce teen pregnancy and teen births. Firstly, sex education has caused a plunge in the United States teen birth rate based on a report done in California and Ventura County. The recently released statistics showed that the birth rate went from 36.2 to 34.1 per 1,000 births to adolescent mothers. (Ventura County Star, 2010). According to the California Department of Public Health, the rate of teen births which was previously 37.1 in the year 2007 decreased by 1.9 per 1000 in 2008. Secondly, an epidemiologist with the CDC Trisha Mueller, found that sex education does work and it also delays teen having sex which inevitably leads to teen pregnancy being reduced. Based on a national survey of 2,019 teens aged 15 to 19 in 2002, her team found that teen boys were three times more likely to used contraceptive methods compared to those who did not went through sex education. (Vann, 2007). Thirdly, for teenage girls who took se x education, the risk of having sex before the age of 15 is reduced 59% while for boys are 71%, compared to those who didnt take sex education. (Doheny, 2007). The evidences collected have pointed out that sex education indeed can reduce teen pregnancy. Therefore, in conclusion, again it is emphasized that sex education should be implemented in schools. 3.0 Information about Sex from the Right Sources (schools) Nowadays, sex scenes are heavily portrayed in some movies and TV shows which teenagers are watching. Even on the Internet, when one clicks on a certain link to a website, adverts containing sexual messages and pictures are posted to the side of the pages as if they were normal. Teenagers could have strayed easily to such websites and unknowingly received incorrect information about sex. In movies and TV shows however, though there is a limit to underage children, the older teenagers are accessible to demonstration of sex scenes in this media. Sex scenes in the media are portrayed as casual and harmless and seemed to bring no serious consequences, causing the teenagers to view such media to be fooled by the producers who are using sex to promote their production. (Why Do Teens Have Sex n.d) It should be noted that without truly knowing about it, sex can be dangerous. Parents discomfort about discussing sex related issues with their children drives them to the Internet and other unreli able media sources to find out more about the topic, as they have no other means to get more information. Hence, it is important that sex education is implemented in schools so that teenagers can receive the information they need from the right sources; namely, teachers who are well informed about the topic. On the other hand, some claimed that sex education is ineffective and does not give out the right information to help teenagers in making the right decisions for their sexuality. (Parents, teachers still embarrassed about sex, 2010). A survey made showed that 26.4 percent of the students complained that the sex education taught was not enough and the teachers who were responsible hardly discussed about sex at all. However, research has proven that sex education does indeed provide the much needed information and reduces sexual activity as teenagers received correct information from the classes. Firstly, there is much difference between those who took sex education and those who did not. (Moore, Furstenberg Peterson, n.d). Figure 1 below (National Survey of Children) shows the difference in percentage between teenagers who are exposed to sex education and those who are not. This is because when teenagers are exposed to the lie that sex is harmless, their sexual activity increases as they have not covered sex education yet. Secondly, getting the right information about sex can also reduce the number of HIV, AIDS, and STDs cases among the teens. Teenagers can learn that one of the major causes of STDs is through sexual activity. Even oral sex can be a pathway for the transmission of such diseases. (Williams, 2010) Sex education teaches teenagers about the prevention of HIV/AIDS and that one should get their partner tested for sexual transmitted diseases before undergoing any sexual activity with them. Sex and AIDS education have been proven by research done that they delay sexual activity as well as they teach students who are more sexually active to have safer sex. (School Health Education to Prevent AIDS and STD, 1994) 4.0 Protecting Children and Teenagers There are many sexually abused children who did not come to light or the attention of government authority on what have been cruelly done to them. The wrongly placed shame, the guilt and the fear of being blamed on have shied them away from confessions to parents or authority figures. This is mainly because the victims incomprehension of sexual abuse and their rights to reject such treatment. Sex education has only recently become important in these past few years but child sexual abuse has existed throughout human history. Thus, implementing sex education into schools can decrease the rate of child sexual abuse and thus providing a way out for children and teenagers. (Carroll, 2010) Besides that, the availability of sex education can also offer help and guidance to children with learning disabilities as they go through puberty. Child sexual abuse is defined as any form of sexual activity forced onto a child whether by a person younger or older than the child. (Munro, 2000) Munro claimed that children and teenagers are vulnerable and often can be exposed to sexual abuse without anyone knowing. And as they did not receive any counseling or teaching, they do not have full understanding of being taken advantage of. It also leaves them in a defenseless situation which they might be preyed on again. In America, there are 39 million of survivors from child sexual abuse at present. By their 18th celebration, one in four females and one in six males are sexually abused. (Mish, cited in Mail Tribune) But sex education gives children and teenagers information about how to prevent sex abuse, that sexual abuse do not occur to every child and that they must seek help if they were victimized. It teaches children and teenagers to be well aware of sexual abuse. Theres also have been one program that was organized in classes of sex education in which students learned to say NO to such inappropriate acts committed by the other. (Carroll, 2010) It can be concluded that in order to decrease the rate of child sexual abuse, the implementation of sex education in schools is practical as children and teenagers would learn about child abusers and sex abuse and they could reject such offences upon them. Children and teenagers would be more aware of the current situation in this modern society and they would know the actions to be taken if necessary. Not only that, the  victimized would be able to understand that they are not alone and many are willing to lend a hand to their plight. A child with learning disabilities received and processed data and information with a slower speed due to some difficulties in the brain as well as the nervous system. (Kemp, Segal, Cutter, 2010) Still, teenagers with learning disabilities may be different from their counterparts but they still go through growth and puberty. As they need help when studying or paying closer attention to lessons, these children also need help in controlling their sex drives when they reach puberty in their teenage years. However, the topic of sex and children with learning disabilities always seemed to be swept under the carpet, ignored for fear that it would promote sex risks. According to Stephen Simpson (cited in Teaching sex education to children with learning disabilities, 2007), those that have learning difficulties are at a higher risk of getting sexually abused. Besides that, there is also evidence proving that the implementation of sex education is desperately needed for children and teenager s with learning disabilities. In reference to Leeds youth offending team, the 40% who committed any sexual offence are teens with learning disorders. (Teaching sex education to children with learning disabilities, 2007) For John who is a teenager with learning disability, he managed to control his inappropriate actions in public and it decreased gradually. (NursingTimes, 2007) Obviously, this proves that as long as a person with learning disorder obtained proper education about sex, he can reign in his sex drives based on his surroundings and what he had been taught. It can be concluded then that sex education can help teenagers with learning disabilities to control themselves as well as preventing others for abusing them sexually. They can also understand better about sexual relationships and their body. Thus, this shows that sex education is capable of preventing children and teenagers from becoming victims of sexual abuse as well as being the perpetrator. Therefore, it can be concluded that sex education aids teenagers in their sexuality and related issues at present and in the future. 5.0 Conclusion Children and teenagers need good and correct information from the right sources about sex, sexual relationships and various other related issues in order to make a right decision for their present and future. They need to understand about what can happen if there are misconceptions about sex, it in turn becomes dangerous. After all, information is power, and in this current, risky world, they would need all the necessary information they could get. For they will be our future pillars for the next generation and the next. The implementation of sex education in schools will be able to prepare them properly. Not only that, based on the evidences and research done as well as collected carefully, it proves that sex education brings many benefits by reducing the rate of teen pregnancy, providing teenagers with accurate and helpful information, and also protecting them from harm. 6.0 Recommendation Looking into the creditability of the evidences and research done on this topic, it is safe to say that sex education in schools is heavily encouraged on. However, it should be tested whether abstinence-only or comprehensive sex education works better for the students. The collected results from the selected schools will then only be analyzed and then implemented into schools. Not only that, parents should also be encouraged to meet with the educators responsible so that they may know of the contents of sex education and will be able to discuss easier about sex with their teenagers. The meetings can consist of teachers explaining what they will be covering on with the students in schools. By accomplishing this, parents would no longer be standing on the opposing side of implementing sex education into the school curriculum.

Free Grapes of Wrath Essays: Steinbecks Biblical References :: Grapes Wrath essays

Biblical References in The Grapes of Wrath The plot of John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, can easily be related to many biblical references as well as it could be applied to the daily struggles of the lives of Christians. Two particular portions of this novel stick out more than any other. Those are the characters of Jim Casey and Pa Joad. Many say that Jim Casey’s character could possibly be symbolically tied into the biblical hero of Moses. In the Bibles book of Exodus, Moses guided thousands of people (God’s family, the Israelites) out of severe slavery and harsh treatment in Egypt. From there he led them into the promised land of Canon that flowed with milk and honey. Much is the same when looking at The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck could possibly be trying to infer the Joad Family as being the struggling Israelites. Casey acts as a leader who directs the Joads out of famine and hard times during the 1930’s in Oklahoma and into California where they can begin a new life with hope and fu ture. This book can also be symbolic to the day by day walks in Christianity. For example when Pa Joad needs helps and seeks guidance, it is Jim Casey who he turns to. Those who follow Christ call upon God in desperate times. Steinbeck infers that Casey, who happens to be a preacher, is somewhat of a Christ figure to the Joad family. He even throws a hidden clue in his name. The initials of Jim Casey are the same of those of Jesus Christ. Steinbeck implies that Pa Joad is symbolically a typical Christian who is struggling in a world of sin. The famine and horrible conditions of the great depression stand for the sin that is surrounding this battling Christian. So as a final resort this child of God turns to Jesus Christ for salvation and release from the sin in his life. These two characters display both the giving and receiving sides of God’s love towards his children.

‘A taste of honey’ and ‘My mother said I never should’ Essay

The two drama texts we have studied are ‘A taste of honey’ and ‘My mother said I never should’. These two texts have similar themes and issues. They both deal with growing up, single parenthood, leaving home, friendship, family relationships including conflict between daughters, parents and the attitude toward different class behaviour. In this essay I shall be exploring the similarities and differences between the two texts. I shall start with an analysis of ‘A taste of honey’ and compare this with ‘my mother said I never should’. ‘A taste of honey’ is set in the 1960’s in a scrubby little worn-down flat. It deals with the life of a young girl called Jo and her mother called Helen. In this drama text, Jo and Geof do not get on well with Helen. They are in conflict with each other all the time. We know this because the text illustrates lots of aggressive language like â€Å"oh, go to hell†. Helen has a boyfriend called peter she leaves Jo to live with him, but when she finds out that Jo is pregnant she returns to the flat. When she returns she finds that Jo is living with a young man called Geof. He is a homosexual and peter is quite homophobic so he insults him constantly. We know this because he calls him a pansy. Jo is similar to Jackie in ‘My mother said I never should’ because they are both young single mothers that have dropped out of college however, they are slightly different too because Jackie, Margaret and her family are middle/upper class opposed to Jo’s and Helen’s family which are lower/working class. ‘A taste of honey’ we see Helen come back to look after her daughter, but she runs out on her Jo and her new baby. In ‘My mother said I never should, the daughter is required to give up her role as a mother to return to art college. Jo never has this option and this is another difference between the texts. ‘My mother said I never should’ has many themes that are the same as ‘A taste of honey’ for example both deals with young mothers. In this play, there are four different generations of women. The characters names are Jackie, Margaret, Doris and the baby is called Rosie. Attitude to sex and having children has changed through the play form generation to generation as the different characters reflect this. For instant, Jackie is a young child, Margaret is pregnant, we know this because the play goes back in time to a scene in the garden where Margaret tell Doris how she feels about her miscarriage. Margaret says, â€Å"I thought I didn’t want it, till I lost it†. Doris, Margaret’s mother tells Margaret that she shouldn’t have worked while she was pregnant. She seems to think that working was the reason that Margaret lost the baby. This shows that in the 1960’s women were supposed to stay at home in bed, resting and not working. Margaret thinks that this idea is very sexist. Later in the characters’ lives Jackie challenges her mothers attitudes to sex before marriage. We learn that Jackie is already sexually active. We know this because the text states that Jackie slept with her boyfriend at his parents house Jackie say, â€Å"It was a relief to get it over with†. Her mother is not particularly happy about it as she says, â€Å"oh you can wound me sometimes, Jackie†. She is unhappy about the fact that Jackie could possible be pregnant. Later in the play we see Jackie with little baby Rosie. They are living in a run down council flat, which shows that the area is lower class. We also learn that the father is not there to help look after Rosie so Jackie is therefore a single mother. Her mother comes to visit and we learn that Jackie’s mother is pressuring Jackie into giving up the baby and return to art college. As we learn from the text, Jackie is not happy about this as Jackie mother says, â€Å"Jackie, we can’t go over this again †¦ you know as well as I do, it would be impossible† and Jackie replies by saying † I don’t believe you†. Margaret and her husband are ashamed by single parents. We know that her father is unhappy about Jackie and Rosie because he won’t go into the house however Margaret is more relaxed about the situation that Jackie and Rosie are in. she comes to pick up Rosie and Rosie’s clothes as she will be her new mother. Jackie is reluctant in giving Rosie to Margaret. Jackie is now free to go to Art College again. This reflects that attitudes towards working mothers have changed from one generation to the next. In conclusion I think both are similar in most of their themes however they differ when it comes to how the mothers react and why they react to the situation. For example Helen wanted Jo to move in with her because she thinks she cant cope and Margaret want Jackie to give the baby to her so she can go back to art college because Margaret is from an upper class family and a young single mother is shamed upon and she also wants to have a better life.

Justify a war Essay

If the character, Agamemnon, was seeking advice, which philosopher would he choose as best advisor and which of these; Socrates, Homer, Aristophanes, would he choose as least advisor? Why? First, it is necessary to remember that Agamemnon was a king. According the Homer, this man had extraordinary power and the highest social position. He had a great authority among his neighbors, which helped him to organize the army. However, Homer described him as a man who always needed the advice. Sometimes Agamemnon allowed his emotions to dominate over his wisdom and experience. He is powerful warrior and good command, but he is imperfect governor for peaceful life. If this character was seeking advice, he’d probably gathered all the wise men in his kingdom. Homer would likely tell him about the god’s will, which determined the actions of rulers. Socrates would call him to be the philosopher king – the wise ruler who thinks about the interests of the state in general and the common people on particular. And Aristophanes would probably be skeptical about the ideas of two previous speakers; he was known as the father of satire and his skepticism as for the issues of the wars, state governing and rulers was well-known all over ancient Greece. However, choosing the best advisor Agamemnon would probably choose Homer. Both Socrates and Aristophanes didn’t approve the idea of the war. Perhaps, their advices as for peaceful life and wise ruling could be useful fir Agamemnon, but he didn’t need such advices. It is known that every person hears what he or she wants to hear. Agamemnon the king seek the â€Å"casus belli†, the event to justify a war. The will of gods was the most appropriate philosophy for him, and the kidnapping of Helen was just the secondary reason. Homer. The Iliad. Richmond Lattimore, translator. Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1951) 2 Compare and contrast Greek comedies and tragedies. Include choice of plays, production, plot subject material, audience participation, and costumes Aristotle was the first who compared Greek comedies and tragedies in his â€Å"Poetics†. â€Å"A tragedy, then, is the imitation of an action that is serious†¦ in a dramatic, not in a narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear, with which to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions† (Poetics, VI. 2) Both these genres had their beginnings in the Greek theater. The tragedy appeared in the middle of 6th century BC, the comedy followed the tragedy fifty years later (though these dates are very rough, we don’t really know much about these times). As for the choice of plays the tragedy is the serious play, which is based on the solemn issue of social, religious or personal nature. The comedy is the play humorous actions of characters solving the same personal, social and religious issues. The plot subject material was also different. â€Å"Tragedies were based largely on the myths or stories of the old narrative epic poems, of which only two main ones, the Iliad and the Odyssey, both written by Homer, survive. (Fornesca, 2010) â€Å" The first comedies were devoted to the god Dionysus, thus the plot of comedy was based on the festivals, the holidays in the wake of Dionysus In the center of tragedy usually was protagonist, the idealized figure who became the victim of fate. The center of the comedy usually is the figure who goes through all the troubles. The tragedies are focused on the feelings of pity and fear in audience; the aim of the comedy is the amusement and laugh. The characters of comedies and tragedies used different masks to show emotions. The clothes of tragic characters showed their social statuc and gender (women weren’t allowed to the stage). The clothes of comic heroes were different, initially they looked like satires, the disciples of Dyonisius. Rehm, R. Greek Tragic Theatre (1992) 3. How did Aristotle’s ideas about government and society differ from those of Plato? Which one fits the United States system of government best and why? Though Aristotle and Plato were closely linked, Aristotle was a pupil of Plato, they had different view, Aristotle criticized the ideas of his teacher. Political theory of Plato includes the description of ideal government for the utopian society. Based on the traditional for ancient Greece ethics of virtue, Plato created the prototype of communist or totalitarian state government. In the Dialogue â€Å"The Republic† he divided the ideal society on three groups: â€Å"rulers, auxiliaries and labourers. † (Gaarder 91) Rulers, according to Plato, should be the guardian class, they had to be educated and intelligent. The children in the guardian class should be learned how to rule from the early childhood. The consequence of this system is the absence of social mobility. This system is totally antidemocratic. However Plato was sure that every member of this utopian society can be happy knowing his in her position in society, as well as social function and the designated role. Aristotle disagreed with his teacher. He believed there is no single system of state government, which could be suitable for every society. The appropriate system of governing depends on the aims of the state. Aristotle described three good system of governing: monarchy, the power of aristocracy and the system he called polity, which corresponds to modern democracy. For every system Aristotle highlighted the weak sides. Thus, the monarch can become the tyrant who oppresses people, and the power of aristocracy can enslave the people they rule. As for polity both Plato and Aristotle both feared that this system of governing might lead to the rule of the ignorant many over the educated few. † It is clear that the modern system if governing in the USA corresponds to the views of Aristotle, and possible the fear of ancient philosopher wasn’t ungrounded. Gaarder, J. Sophie’s World ( Sofies verden Norw). Hardback & Paperback, 1991. 4 Using the play, â€Å"The Apology† define Sophist. According to that definition, was Socrates a Sophist? Give the reasons for your answer. The sophists were the group of philosopher contemporary to Socrates. Their task main was teaching the Athenian youth to create the convincing arguments and to convince the people. They taught their students to argue both sides on the issue. Their philosophy was the kind of relativism; they thought there is no truth, just the different and conflicting opinions. It the negative meaning sophist is the person who plays both sides. Plato in his â€Å"Apology† describes Socrates trying to convince the jury he was not the sophist. Perhaps the rhetoric of Socrates and the sophists had the common features; however sophists charged fees for their teaching, and Socrates stayed poor. The sophists used their knowledge for their own gain. They really taught their students to be prominent and to manipulate the people’s mind, the skills that could be used for political end, but enrichment was their primary aim, according to Plato. Plato thought that trading with the knowledge could be the field of bias and manipulation. He supposed sophists in telling their students the things that weren’t good for them. Unlike them, Socrates didn’t profit from his reaching. That is why Plato set Socrates apart from sophists. In many of Plato’s dialogues Socrates reveals the emptiness of their teachings. At least, the principal difference between Socrates and sophists was in attitude to knowledge. The sophists claimed that they gained access to special knowledge through the investigation and experience, and this knowledge could be taught. Socrates was confessed he knew nothing – he meant the more he learned the more he understood the infinitude of the knowledge. It is no wonder that sophists was among the people who accused Socrates and became the reason of his death. Rowe, C. J. â€Å"Plato on the Sophists as Teachers of Virtue. † History of Political Thought 4 (1983), 409-27.

Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essays

Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essays Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essay Current Procedural Terminology Essay Essay The Current Procedural Terminology ( CPT ) was developed and introduced by the American Medical Association ( AMA ) in 1966 and became its registered hallmark ( CPT ® ) . It was specifically designed for accurate coverage of medical processs and services ( CPT. 2007 ) . CPT is a cryptography system used for medical charge which is required by jurisprudence. It aimed at standardising nomenclatures to simplify medical records to assist doctors and clerks in entering medical informations. The 2nd edition of CPT. which was far more inclusive. was published in 1970. It replaced the 4-digit codifications to 5-digit codifications. The Health Care Financing Administration ( HCFA ) merged its Common Procedure Coding System ( HCPCS ) with CPT. mandating CPT to be used in treating Medicare charge in 1983 and Medicaid charge in 1986 ( Taubman. 2000 ) . The Role of AMA in Making the CPT Annual publications are prepared by the AMA to foreground the alterations in CPT that correspond to of import updates in the medical field and clinical pattern. The AMA. as the exclusive right of first publication proprietor. makes a royalty from each sale of CPT and is responsible in roll uping fees from all users. which are so used for care disbursals. extra resources. and staff support wage in heightening the CPT codifications ( Taubman. 2000 ) . Sections of the CPT Manual The 2009 CPT Manual includes codifications and coding guidelines from CPT ® Editorial Panel Experts. alterations in codification texts and guidelines. every bit good as updates in CPT ® Assistant. clinical illustrations in radiology. CPT ® Changes. color-coded symbols. crossing tabular array. E/M decision-tree procedure flow chart and clinical illustrations. comprehensive appendixes. and drumhead of add-ons. omissions and alterations made. How do CPT codifications differ from ICD-9 codifications? There may be some people inquiring how CPT codes differ from ICD-9 codifications. The CPT is used to depict medical processs and non diseases. It is the International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-9 ) that is used to depict diagnosings and sort the causes of decease. morbidity records of inmates and outpatients of medical clinics and infirmaries ( Influenza. 2009 ) . References â€Å"CPT: Current Procedural Terminology† . ( 25 Jan. 2007 ) . Open Clinical. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. openclinical. org/medTermCPT. html â€Å"Influenza ICD-9 Codes and CPT Codes† . ( 6 May 2009 ) . Texas Department of Health Services. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dshs. province. Texas. us/swineflu/flu-ICD-9-CPT-Codes-v2-5-6. shtm Taubman. S. B. â€Å"The development of CPT – current procedural terminology† . Medical Laboratory Observer. FindArticles. com. Retrieved 09 July 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3230/is_10_32/ai_66498630/ .