The Eucharist Essay -- essays research papers fc

Eucharist is the focal custom of the Christian religion, where bread and wine are sanctified by an appointed priest and devoured by the clergyman and individuals from the assemblage in submission to Jesus' order at the Last Supper, â€Å"Do this in recognition of me.† In the Orthodox and Roman Catholic houses of worship, and in the Anglican, Lutheran, and numerous other Protestant places of worship, it is viewed as a ceremony, which both represents and impacts the association of Christ with the steadfast. Baptists and others allude to Holy Communion as a â€Å"institution,† as opposed to a holy observance, underlining dutifulness to a precept. Generally, Jesus' order to his pupils at the Last Supper to eat the bread and drink the wine â€Å"in recognition of me† comprises the organization of the Eucharist. This particular order happens in two New Testament records of the Last Supper, Luke 22:17-20 and 1 Corinthians 11:23-25. More established religious philosophy affirms that Jesus provided this order on this event to guarantee that Christians would fellowship and savor wine his memory as long as the congregation persevered. A basic way to deal with the Gospel writings, in any case, has made this end less certain. The order â€Å"Do this in recognition of me† doesn't show up in either Matthew's or Mark's record of the Last Supper. Thus, various researchers have assumed that the undoubted experience of fellowship with the risen Christ at dinners in the days after Easter roused in some later customs the understanding that such fellowship had been predicted and directed by Jesus at the Last Supper. The issue can most likely never be settled with complete fulfillment. Regardless, the act of eating suppers in recognition of the Lord and the faith within the sight of Christ in the â€Å"breaking of the bread† obviously were general in the early church. The Didache, an early Christian archive, alludes to the Eucharist twice at some length. The Didache and the New Testament together show significant decent variety in both the training and the comprehension of the Eucharist, however no proof exists of any Christian church wherein the holy observance was not celebrated.      The advancement of Eucharistic teaching fixates on two thoughts: nearness and penance. In the New Testament, no endeavor is made to clarify Christ's quality at the Eucharist. The scholars of the early church would in general acknowledge Jesus' wo... ...s of Scripture readings, a lesson, and supplications. This piece of the Eucharist, clearly adjusted from Jewish gathering place love, has been prefixed to the administration of bread and wine at any rate since the center of the second century. The second piece of the administration, the â€Å"service of the Upper Room,† comprises regularly of a contribution of bread and wine; the focal Eucharistic supplication; the dissemination of the sanctified components to admirers; and a last gift and excusal. This specific piece of the administration has its underlying foundations in the antiquated conventional table supplications said at Jewish dinners. The focal Eucharistic petition, the Anaphora, which is Greek for â€Å"offering†, commonly contains a supplication of thanksgiving for the production of the world and its recovery in Christ; a record of the organization of the Last Supper; the oblation, or Anamnesisâ€the offering of the bread and wine in appreciative recognition of Christ; the Epiclesis, or conjuring of the Holy Spirit on the bread and wine and on the gathering; and supplications of intercession.Bibliography Underwood, Karen. The Eucharistic Prayer. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Co., 1985 â€Å"Eucharist,† World Book Encyclopedia (1999 version), IV, 290-92.

Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini Free Essays

Physical geology has a significant Influence to the story. The subjects of topography that chiefly relate to the story are Place, Human/Environmental Interactions, and Movement. Spot can have physical and human qualities. We will compose a custom exposition test on Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The physical geology of Afghanistan changed after the wars and the Taliban assaults. For instance, before in the â€Å"old days the breeze moved through the watered fields around Islamabad where ranchers developed sugar stick and the pleasantness impregnated the air. † Now there were restricted street and evaporates canals. In Kabul when Hosannas and Emir were little youngsters, they used to run up slopes encompassed by Poplar and Pomegranate trees. Treetops could be seen jabbing from behind the houses as they played. Presently a large portion of the trees were gone utilized as wood for timber to shield Taliban from covering up. Where before you could balances road merchants and cafés, presently there are just dusty streets, relinquished structures, and hobos. The quantity of poor people and stranded youngsters expanded after the wars. The adjustment in this land sense changed the lifestyle of the Afghan’s in light of the fact that now they were destitute on the grounds that their homes were taken over by â€Å"guest† as the alluded to the Taliban. They were left without Jobs, methods of developing yields and accommodating their families. The war left sign and kids husbandly and illegitimate. Another subject of geology that relates is development. In light of the war, individuals had to move. Those that had cash fled from Afghanistan. Angel and Emir left from Kabul oppressive and into a remote nation, America, in anticipation of a superior future. In Afghanistan they were the noble class and In America they turned into the common laborers. The accompanying ethnic gatherings spoke to In Kite Runner are Afghans. Pakistanis, Arabs, Palestinian, Iranians, Russians, and Germans. The significant ethnic gatherings spoke to are the Afghans’ separated into two significant gatherings, the Hazard’s and the Pushpins, and the Pakistanis. The Hazard’s are outcasts as indicated by different Afghans as a result of their Mongolia indigenous individuals of eastern and southeast Asia and Arctic area. They are likewise viewed as pariahs in light of the fact that the Hazard’s are Shiite Muslims In a for the most part Sunnis Muslim country. The Pushpins are the predominant ethnic gathering In Afghanistan representing the greater part of the populace. The Pushpins are Sunnis Muslims in a Sunnis Muslim Nation. Most of Pakistanis practice Islam. Islam administers their own, lawful, political and financial pieces of their life. Pakistanis live in a progressive society and are regard in view old enough and position. There are numerous instances of their contentions over the span of the novel. One model Is when Hosannas discovers his mother’s history book and starts understanding it. In the book he finds an inure section about the Hazards and how they were aggrieved and mistreated by the Pushpins. At the point when he takes it to his instructor, he answers, â€Å"That’s the one thing Shih’s individuals progress admirably, passing themselves as saints. † This show how they contrast and how they hate one another. Another model is the point at which the educator ells Emir, that Iranians are â€Å"grinning smooth talkers who praised you with one hand and picked your pocket with the other. † This shows how they loathe each other despite the fact that the Iranians, Like the Hazards, are Shih’s Muslims. Another model with me in Mazda†¦ We forgot about them for the dogs†¦ † This shows the Taliban couldn't take care of their disparities and they had so much scorn that they accepted the Hazards were as huge as creatures. The epic loyally coordinates the truth of now is the ideal time. All through the book, it makes reference to dates imperative to the plot yet in addition occasions that occurred truly. For instance, it spilled about King Mohammad Sahara Shah being sent away to Italy and being ousted by his cousin Mohammad Doodad Khan in 1973. At the point when further research was done, it end up being right with real occasions. Another case of this was the point at which the book makes reference to that the Taliban dominated and slaughtered the Hazard’s in 1998. After further examinations, it end up being exact with the genuine occasions. Another verifiable occasion showed in the novel was the point at which it makes reference to the United States boycotting the Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. After research, it is demonstrated that the realities given in the novel match the occasions that really happened. Instructions to refer to Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Papers

Talking About Dining

Talking About Dining Theres been a lot of talk on campus about one thing â€" dining. You see, MIT currently has a rather unorthodox dining system, and by that I mean we dont really have one. You, your parents, or someone else will add money to a TechCash account and whenever your ID is swiped anywhere on campus â€" and a few places off campus â€" the money is deducted from your account. Its a debit card system; nothing fancy about it. If you want, you could just as easily use cash. But this alone apparently does not produce a profitable venture. To encourage students to eat at the dorm dining halls (currently only open for dinner), students who live in dorms with dining halls (McCormick, Baker, Next, and Simmons) have to sign up for preferred dining at a cost of $300 per semester, which simply gives those students a half-price discount on all purchases at dorm dining halls. And even with this in place, MIT still has had to subsidize dining to the tune of several hundred thousand dollars a year. Unsurprisingly, MIT doesnt like subsidizing food. So, over the past year or two a committee called the House Dining Advisory Group (HDAG), composed of administrators and students, was set up to explore new options. At the end of this past spring term, they came up with a plan â€" a plan that has been met with widespread student condemnation. Operationally, there will big some huge changes coming to dining next year â€" there are plans to shift the hours of some of the dining halls around so that theyre not all simultaneously open; perhaps theyll have one or two that close at 10pm instead of during the 8pm hour. All the dining halls should be open seven days a week, compared to the current five days a week for some. Further, the dorm dining halls will offer continental breakfast, something which is a rare find on campus now. And, perhaps most importantly, instead of the a la carte system ubiquitous this year, the dorm dining halls will have all-you-can-eat meals. (In addition, kosher options will be available in dining halls six nights a week and halal dining options will be more widely available.) But those changes arent what are making students unhappy. Instead, its the compulsion to eat at dining halls for almost every meal (if not every meal) that is effectively incumbent upon all students who live in dining dorms (McCormick, Baker, Next, Simmons, and, starting next year, Maseeh). Students in those dorms will have to sign up for a meal plan that consists of a certain number of breakfasts and dinners per week: Freshmen will only be permitted to sign up for the 14-meal-per-week plan ($3,800/year). Sophomores can either sign up for that plan or the 12-meal-per-week ($3,400/year), while junior and seniors can sign up for the freshman or sophomore plans or a 10-meal-per-week plan ($2,900/year). With all three plans; the meals must be split between breakfasts and dinners (e.g. the ten-meal plan cannot be allocated to seven dinners and three breakfasts). Further, as is the case currently, students who live outside dining dorms would be unaffected, although they would be permitted to pay for individual meals at the dorm dining halls and sign up for any of the meal plans. The main sticking point for students is the cost: HDAGs own report (p. 5) indicated that the average student living in a dorm with a dining hall spends just $2,250 a year on food â€" and that figure includes lunch, which is not included in the weekly meal plans. Because of this, students are worried prospective freshmen will choose dorms not primarily based on culture (as is, supposedly, currently the case â€" although I contend location is a factor as well) but on whether they will have to pay for the dining plans. To its defense, however, MIT has noted that the financial aid office, when considering how much funding to award students, already budgets a considerable $4,460 for food and that they may consider adjusting the budget to accommodate for the additional costs resulting from the plan. Those in fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups are worried some of their members who still live on-campus (e.g. freshman pledges) will come to their houses less often for (often free) dinner because they have already been locked in to the dining hall meals. Further still, with so many events offering free dinner as an incentive to attend as well as the simple desire to go out to eat on the weekend, it is extremely rare that one eats at a dining hall for seven â€" or even five â€" consecutive dinners. Others are a bit unhappy theyll be forced to pay for breakfasts they probably wont use; I rarely eat breakfast other than some breakfast bars purchased from the supermarket or an early-morning burrito from Annas Tacqueria, although Im sure Id eat breakfast more often if its already paid for. And, indeed, thats part of the intention of the plan: encouraging students to eat more healthily, including by eating breakfast and (presumably healthier) on-campus options. But they had to know changing the dining system from one that stands at the zenith of choice to one that looks like the nadir of it was going to infuriate students. And infuriate it has. Over the past two months, a number of petitions have been going across campus voicing dissent to the new dining plan. Just last week, things reached a fever pitch as the petitions went digital. Signs appeared all over campus encouraging people to say no. As of Sunday, November 21, at 4pm (EST, UTC-5), there have been 1,653 signatures â€" from students, parents, alumni, and faculty â€" to the petition; with more than 1,400 of those signatures coming from undergraduates, that means a third of undergraduates have voiced their opposition to the plan (not, of course, to suggest two thirds are in favor of it). On Thursday evening, there was even a sit-in protest in Baker Dining (where you were supposed to bring your own food to the dining hall): To be honest, though, I was surprised at the rather â€" um â€" sparse attendance, given the apparent vehement opposition to the new plan. As of now, there have been no indications from the people up high that the plan is going to be altered before next year. They have noted that the HDAG includes student members and that efforts were made last year, especially in the spring term, to acquire student feedback. One student HDAG member was quoted as saying the time for feedback had ended after the final plan was announced, although theyre reconsidering amid all the furor. MIT has submitted a request for proposal to several caterers, so, barring a tectonic shift, this will be in place for the fall of 2011. But, we shall see. I am at least happy to see MIT students politically interested in, even if not always involved with, a major issue on campus â€" and its unlikely, especially if the plan is implemented, the student interest will abate. Feel free to follow along through The Tech; dining articles from over the past year can be found by search.

Book Review The One Minute Manager Meets the Monkey Essay

Running head: BOOK REVIEW OF THE ONE MINUTE MANAGER Book Review of The One Minute Manager Meets the Monkey 1 BOOK REVIEW OF THE ONE MINUTE MANAGER 2 The One Minute Manager Meets the Monkey, Kenneth Blanchard, William Oncken, Jr., Hal Burrows. New York, USA: William Morrow. 1989. ISBN: 0-688-10380-4. Soon after Kenneth Blanchard published his book, The One Minute Manager, it became one of the best-selling business books of all time; and it remains one of the most popular business books until this day. Kenneth Blanchard is a Sociologist who obtained his masters from Colgate University and his Ph.D. in educational administration and management from Cornell University. He co-authored the famous text â€Å"Management of†¦show more content†¦Oftentimes, managers want to be considered as involved and caring, and will tolerate being robbed of their time, to listen to and assist staff with their concerns. They will tend to put off any decision making until they have all of the facts, and will buy time by saying to their team, â€Å"Let me think about it and get back to you†. Completely innocent. Perfectly wellintentioned. An utter disaster. What once was a staff members problem, now belongs to the manager. Think of that scenario with this picture in mind. Before speaking to the manger, the staff member was researching the problem, and seemed to be stuck. At this point the monkey is clearly on his back. (Can you see it hanging there?) Once the manager stops and discusses the problem, the monkey is straddling both shoulders: the manager’s and his staff. As soon as the manager says, Let me think about it†, the monkey climbs over and latches firmly onto his back. Now, take a look at the staff member. Suddenly with a lighter work-load, and the monkey off of his back, hes got a nice smile going. Thats relief! What do you think happens next? As Dr. Blanchard notes, For every monkey there are two parties involved: One to work it and one to supervise it.† The manager was already busy before inheriting this new beast, and now the next move is his. Now, further staff work on the projectShow MoreRelatedWildwood6806 Words   |  28 PagesSolution Manual Outcomes * Review documents to discover relevant entities and attributes for database * Prepare interview questions and follow up * Prepare questionnaires * Observe work flow for process and exceptions Outline I. Gathering Information A. Initial Interviews with Chief Stakeholders B. Review of Business Documents C. Interviews with Stakeholders D. Questionnaires E. Job Shadowing II. Review of Business Documents A. Reasons for Review B. Forms C. Reports Read MoreA Needs Assessment Survey in a Gastroenterology Endoscopy Community of Practice12128 Words   |  49 Pagesprofessional networking opportunities for NP and PA colonoscopists, based on assessment of their need for professional activities. A critical appraisal of related literature pointed out key motivational and structural elements of CoPs. Content experts will review the draft survey and the revised survey will be piloted with several non-physician colonoscopists. Using snowball sampling, a needs assessment survey will be conducted to determine if credentialed non-physician endoscopists would be interested inRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages(PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting a cost and time baseline scheduleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus IndianapolisRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pagesaffects the organization in its capacity of hiring and retaining employees. The literature reviewed within this study illustrates the fact that the expectations of employees differ within the generations represented in today’s workforce and unless managers have a sound knowledge-base of the needs and expectations of the organization’s employees then keeping these employees motivated may prove to be quite difficult. 2001, many intelligence agencies have experienced a surge in hiring however; many ofRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pages(hardcover) There are some people who begin the Zoo at the beginning, called WAYIN, and walk as quickly as they can past every cage until they come to the one called WAYOUT, but the nicest people go straight to the animal they love the most, and stay there. —A. A. Milne, in the Introduction to Winnie-The-Pooh We dedicate this book to such people who are more interested in open fields than closed cages. CONTENTS Embarkation 1 And Over Here, Ladies and Gentlemen: The Strategic ManagementRead MoreMasculinity in Chuck Palahniuks Work7062 Words   |  29 Pagesconfusion on the softening effects of the docile modern workplace as well as advertising and the absence of ‘a great war‘, using the fight club as a cure for this frustration. However, I believe that this analysis is just as one-layered and as an ill-informed .com purchasing site review. It is these types of approaches that have frightened audiences into believing that all men want to do is pummel each other. On the surface, the reader can presume that Palahniuk is angered by the emasculating effects ofRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director:Read MoreFacebook Addiction Study6315 Words   |  26 Pagesshare the same interests as your New Found Friend (Villaraza, 2007). Nowadays, online networking is not only about friendship, but also about different possibilities which it provides to its users. Friendster, which is one of the social networking sites to look for friends, ones dominates Philippines in terms of social networking but as we go to the trend, Filipinos have moved on to Facebook, which is currently the biggest and the most popular among social networking sites (Abaà ±o, 2010). It isRead MoreGuidelines, Policies And Procedures Within Ownu.k Home Nation Affecting The Safeguarding Of Children And Young People10852 Words   |  44 Pagesto be aware of the correct policies and procedures to follow should the need arise to report a suspected case of abuse. Following this, thorough records must be kept concerning a child s statements as well as noting dates, times and in some cases minutes of meetings between the school and other agencies. If a pupil reports anything that causes concern it is imperative that it be reported and followed up. Child protection also covers alerting parents should photos of the children need to be taken which

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND EFFICIENCY Essay - 1748 Words

How an organization is structured is becoming more and more important in today’s business world. The structure of the organization is one of the important factors that determine employees’ efficiency in performing their tasks. This paper will concentrate on how organizational structure affects the efficiency of work done by employees’. Six key elements of an organizational structure will be followed by three common organizational structures. Efficiency of employees will be brought about relating to the above mentioned. â€Å"An organizational structure defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated† (Robbins, Judge and Campbell, 2010, p.429). Efficiency means, â€Å"When someone or something uses time and energy well,†¦show more content†¦The second key element departmentalisation is congregating employees doing similar tasks. It takes place depending on; the functions performed, products produced, geographic areas the organisation deals with, processes done in organisations and type of customers the organization concentrates on. Departmentalisation by functions performed depends on the organisation’s activities. For instance, if we look at MIFCO (Maldives Industrial Fisheries Company), they will have a department for production, accounting, sales and marketing. Procter Gamble is departmentalised by the products produced. â€Å"Each major product – such as Tide, Pampers, Charmin and Pringles – is placed under the authority of an executive who has complete global responsibility for that product† (Robbins, Judge and Campbell, 2010, p.431). This increases the efficiency of employees as well as managers because, everything related to certain products are handled by that particular department responsible for it. Organisations doing international selling activities use departmentalisation by geography. For instance, sales department may be sub divided based on the countries the organisations have business transactions with. Due to this, employees in sales department presents efficiency in doing their work since, they are only responsible to deal with one particular country (geographic are). Process departmentalisation takes place in two forms; processing customers

Is Batman a Real Superhero Free Essays

Is Batman a real super hero, according to a lot of people they would say he is not and when you would ask for a reason why not; they will usually always give the same reason that he can’t be one since he has no super power. But I’m writing this paper to show that a superhero isn’t necessarily defined by his powers, but rather, his zeal for fighting crime and his innate ability to do so. Batman may not have super human powers but he shares every other trait that other super heroes have that define them. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Batman a Real Superhero or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well another example of why we may consider Batman to be a real super hero is Lex Luthor, Lex does not have any super powers but he is defiantly a super villain, thus with him being a super villain how could we not agree to Batman being a super hero. Interestingly, the term â€Å"superhero† has been traced back to its first appearance in a 1942 story by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, when it was used to describe the costumed character â€Å"the Guardian,† who also had no â€Å"super-powers. The term â€Å"super† is a coinage of the 1920s, when it came into vogue as a contraction of the word â€Å"superior† and should not be construed as always meaning something beyond the ability of ordinary humans; â€Å"super† does not have to be synonymous with â€Å"impossible. † Note that in the link below, it is clearly stated that â€Å"characters need not have actual superhuman powers to be deemed superheroes. † Batman is also served up there as an example of one of the world’s best known â€Å"superheroes,† and he is the prototype of scores of costumed heroes who have no superhuman powers. Clearly, Batman qualifies as a â€Å"superhero† and opinions to the contrary are exactly that, mere opinions, and may be ignored with a clear conscience. Webster defines being a super hero as a type of stock character possessing â€Å"extraordinary or superhuman powers† and dedicated to protecting the public and has some visual characteristic (typically an outfit) that makes him/her identifiable. Batman defiantly fits this definition to the teeth, since he has dedicated his whole (fictional) life to the protecting the citizens of Gotham City, and everyone out there has to admit he has some pretty extraordinary powers. But what else defines as super hero: A strong moral code, which will include being willing to risk one’s own life in order to help someone help and expecting nothing in return. Such code can also include the refusal or strong reluctance to kill or wield weapons. Batman has never killed anyone and doesn’t use guns, he uses gadgets and stealth to subdue his enemies and then make sure they are handed over to the police force. Also a strong motivation and a sense of responsibility with a hint of some personal vendetta against criminals, like with Batman’s vendetta against the people mugged and shot his parents when they were coming out of their play they were attending. A super hero must also have a secret identity that will protect their family and friends from being the target of his enemies. Batman doesn’t have a lot of close friends but the ones he does he wants to protect from villain’s such as the Joker and the Riddler. Heroes must also have a distinctive costume in order to conceal their identity from the public. They must also have an underlying motif that resembles the heroes name, personal effects and other aspects the character has come to represent, for example Batman takes his name obviously from a Bat, operates at night designs all of his gadgets with a â€Å"bat† prefix, and most importantly the â€Å"batmobile† tends to resemble a bat. Heroes must also have a supporting cast of recurring characters in there comic books, though not all of them will not know the super heroes secret identity which will make the heroes personal relationships with them complicated by the dual life. One of the most important parts of heroes is their enemies they fight. Super heroes will usually start by fighting run of the mill villains with no exceptional gifts, but then later on usually super villain’s will start to appear, and in many case the hero is actually responsible for them coming into to play. Like how Batman was there for the accident that created two face, Batman may not have been able to stop it but that sure won’t stop two face for blaming Batman. Also archenemies are the most important villain to superheroes as they are usually the exact opposite and just as powerful as or even more powerful than them. Batman’s greatest enemy would most likely have to be the Joker, as he is the foil to batman, as Batman is dark, quiet, and grim while the joker is colourful, loquacious, and very flamboyant. The hero will also need some sort of job with minimal supervision or independent wealth to fund his deeds since he keeps his identity secret there is going to be no way he’s going to be paid for what he does, Batman got the lucky end of the stick on this one since he is the richest super hero out there he will have no problem funding is exploits. Heroes will also need to have some sort of headquarters or base of operations, usually hidden, in order to prepare for some sort of mission or to come back to store all their gear. The last thing that defines a super hero from an ordinary Joe is the back story that explains the circumstances that the â€Å"hero† acquired his or her abilities and as well the motivation behind wanting to help the public and just help themselves. Many origins will usually include freak accidents or tragic events, like batman’s parents being shot. Now for all of you out there who still don’t believe that someone without super powers could actually be a super hero, hasn’t looked into the actual science of being batman, I’m not saying batman has super human powers but what he does and the frequency that he does it could not even be attempted by todays strongest athletes. Some question that needs to be asked is how much energy Batman uses in a day and how much food must he eat to give him that much energy. In the book â€Å"becoming Batman† by E.  Paul Zehr, Batman would expend about 4,000 calories a day which is comparable but still more than how much Tour de France racers use when competing in the race, but wait Batman does this everyday not just once a year. So in order to keep this going he must intake 4,000 calories a day in food, though it can’t just be any food it must be carefully monitored to contain 15% fat , 60% Carbohydrates and 25% protein, in order to maintain the physical fitness he needs to keep fighting crime. Now let’s talk about his crime fighting abilities, we all know that Batman is extensively trained in the martial arts, but how long would it take you to become a master in them, and how many does Bruce Wayne know, according to â€Å"Becoming Batman† Bruce knows more than 3 different styles of martial arts. Now in order to master a skill there is three steps you must go through; cognitive, associative, and automatic. Cognitive is the first step and this is where the Bruce would use information to develop a plan, require a high level of concentration, and unable to manage small details or changes in the environment. The second step is associative which refines the movements, gradually manages to change in the environment and doesn’t attend to every aspect of movement. The final step is automatic and here you require no cognitive attention to movement, get consistent performance, and can easily adapt smoothly and easily to different environments. Now Batman has mastered more than 3 different styles of martial arts (by roughly the age of 20-30), that seems a little bit far from imaginable since Batman is very intelligent is shows a sign that he was well educated and with education how can you find the time to master more than 3 different forms of martial arts. Also another main aspect to Batman is the fact that he is out every night being batman and getting into fights, how can someone that fights pretty much every night keep it up. He would have to make sure that he never broke a bone, and in his line of work that would be incredibly difficult, he would have to do everything perfectly and all regular humans are incapable of being perfect, but Batman’s not. Batman share more than enough of the commonalities of the fictional characters classified as â€Å"superheroes† to claim the pedigree. He wears a costume and keeps his real identity a secret; he has a hidden headquarters; he uses special equipment, ranging from miniaturized devices he keeps in his utility belt to vehicles like the batmobile and the batplane; he has the legal status of a deputy; he associates with other so-called superheroes and is a founding member of the Justice League of America, a team of â€Å"superheroes†; he often fights individuals who qualify as super-criminals; he defends common people and will risk his life to protect the common man; he can be summoned by the police through the use of a special signalling device (the â€Å"bat signal†); he has special skills which he uses to fight crime, ranging from a mastery of certain fighting skills, to the use of disguises, to the mastery of certain forensic sciences, to a unique understanding of psychology of the criminal mind, and he is a very good detective. Batman also answers to a higher moral code than does the average man. How to cite Is Batman a Real Superhero, Essay examples

The Use Of Propaganda In The Nazi Regime Essays - Racism

The use of propaganda in the Nazi Regime subject = history:Holocaust title = The use of propaganda in the Nazi Regime and in their Totalitarian Control papers = The Role of Propaganda in the Nazi Takeover and in Their Totalitarian Control When one thinks of the term "propaganda", what comes to mind? Would it bring a positive response? Would it bring a negative response? When one thinks of "propaganda" in association with the Holocaust, what comes to mind? A positive response or a negative response? Most likely a negative response. Why is "propaganda" any different from what any political party or regime does, namely to disseminate its views? Is "propaganda" simply the name we give to views which we do not like or which we think to be untrue? And finally, was the role of "propaganda" in the Nazis' assumption of power overstated? (Daniel Goldhagen, 1996) As many people who are learned in the field of the Holocaust will agree, propaganda played an extremely vital part in the Nazis' rise to power, as well as their brain-washing of the German population into detesting all, of what they considered, "heretics" to the degree of accepting their murders. Validity of the accusations upon which they attempted to justify their action against the Jews was not an issue. The issue in this case was its power of persuasion. Although to achieve this goal the Nazi party deemed it necessary to monopolize the communications, media, and entertainment industries, Germany already had a strong anti-Semitic background. European anti-Semitism is an outgrowth of Christianity. Since the time of the Roman Empire, Christian leaders preached boundlessly against Jews. It escalated from generation to generation, for as long a the Jews rejected Jesus as their Messiah, the Jews "challenged" the whole belief system of Christianity. The idea that it was the Jews that killed their savior also evolved from that time period. Along those lines, the notion that all Jews of forever were responsible for Jesus' death, for they approved of the crime, would have certainly done it again (according to the anti-Semitics), and had always rejected his teachings. As the Medieval period came, the Christians' hatred for Jews further articulated and was brought to a new level. The Christians in the Medieval world saw Jews in twofold opposition to Christianity: they rejected his revelation and were his killers. In addition, church members had much detested the Jews on the basis that they should have accepted Jesus as their Messiah. Consequently, persecution and killing of the Jews became a part of everyday life, leaving many regions of Western Europe without any Jews by the end of the sixteenth century. Entering the nineteenth century, German anti-Semitism went through an acute transformation. It was then that it made its change from a religious issue, to a racial one. Germans naturally detested Jews, and with a passion. Nineteenth century Germans now saw Jews as the symbol for everything awry in their declining economy, even though they made up but a mere one percent of the population. Soon the cultural taboos that had formerly shaped the moral fabric of Germany at the time lost all influence. It was then that German anti-Semitism reached a high point: false, cruel, yet indisputable accusations. Prostitution, sexual degradation and depravity, and the sexual assaulting of unsuspecting German virgins are examples. The Germans also imagined Jew conducting ritual murders. By the time the Nazi party instituted totalitarian control, all that remained was to build on the framework provided by the nineteenth century. A framework which included anti-Semitism being common knowledge, Germans' obsessive hatred toward Jews, the common belief of Jews being the reason for their collapsing economy, the belief of Jews being evil and a source of great harm. This new type of anti-Semitism was of a savage nature and a logic that it was necessary to rid Germany, along with the rest of the world, of Jews by whatever means necessary. Already having a foundation for their cause, all the Nazis had to do was execute their strategies. Even before gaining full control in January of 1933, they used all possible methods, and even introduced new forms of publicity, to get national attention and recognition. The Nazi party sponsored mass meetings and pageants, distributed all sorts of visual aids and propaganda, and assumed control of the radio and film industry. Once the Nazis gained control they used all the above means and more to strengthen their totalitarian control on the German population. By means of blatant false claims and accusations, the Nazis made untrue justifications for political and military aggression, as well

Argentina Essays - Liberal Democracies, Free Essays, Term Papers

Argentina Essays - Liberal Democracies, Free Essays, Term Papers Argentina I. INTRODUCTION Argentina lives in a democracy since 1986. Before this year lived it under a military regime. In the nineties under the presidency of Menem the country experienced a great increase in the liberalization of trade. Argentina has a free market economic system. Due to the recent privatization program, the State now has a very limited role in the economy. According to the Competitiveness Report of the World Economic Forum Argentina is classified as one of the most open, least protectionist countries in the world. Its currency is convertible to the US dollars and there is total freedom for moving capital internationally. Argentina has conducted one of the most intensive privatization programs in the world. The telephone company, airlines, most railroads, electric power production companies (including hydroelectric power plants), the Argentine oil company YPF (bought by the Spanish company Repsol) steel mills, ports, TV stations and most public services were transferred recently to the private sector. Consistent with Fundacion Invertir the combined value of privatized firms amounts more to more than US$ 30 billions. Many foreign firms have participated in this large-scale privatization program. Foreign investors do not need to seek any kind of prior approval and are free to repatriate full amount of their capital and earnings any time. Foreign and domestic companies are treated equally. Under the law, they have access to all economic sectors and are eligible for incentive program and state procurement. II. TRADE PATTERN It is hard to state the type of trade that exists between Argentina and Brazil in the automobile industry because both countries import and export cars of the same brand and very similar models. Volkswagen produces some of its model of cars in Argentina and some others model in Brazil. The reason for this is to achieve economies of scale; each country specializes in a certain model of car, by doing so they reduce the cost of each additional unit. Another reason for specialization of production in each country is that it might be cheaper to produce a certain model in either Argentina or Brazil. Several companies as Volkswagen have invested in production facilities in Mercosur. Additionally, joint ventures between local and foreign parts manufacturers have improved quality. A report on Argentina auto parts/services announced that local production in Argentina was estimated at $1.9 billion in 1997. From 1996 to 1997 the import market for automobile parts and accessories grew by 30 percent to $2.2 billion. Imports from Brazil represent 35 percent of the local import market. The gains in imports with exports from Brazil boost employment in Argentina by a 30 percent and bilateral trade with Brazil as well as nine fold growth in investments. (States-USA). See AUTO PARTS/SERVECE table in appendix. In the period of July 1997-June 1998 Argentina exported wheat to the following countries: Brazil, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Peru, Indonesia, Sir Lanka, Jordan, Tunisia and Kenya. Argentina experiences inter trade with these countries because it has the comparative advantage of producing wheat at a cheap cost. Soils in Argentina are fertile and farmers do not need to use as much fertilizers as in the case of European farms. European farms have been harvested for years. As a consequence of this farms need to be fertilized or remain unused for a period of four years to produce crops. Argentina engages in inter trade on the exports of corn to the following counties: Japan, Brazil, Egypt, Taiwan, Peru, Chile, Spain, Iran, Venezuela, and Colombia. Argentina exports corn to Brazil because it does not produce enough corn to supply its domestic demand. Argentina also produces Inter trade exports of sorghum with Japan, Mexico, Taiwan, Colombia, Norway, Spain, and Chile. Argentina and Brazil benefit from trade among themselves because each country exports something in which it does not have the comparative advantage or in which its domestic production is not enough. Argentina imports coffee and sugar from Brazil. Argentina does not produce coffee while Brazil is the largest exporter in the world. In 1997 was the first time in 67 years that Argentina exported beef to the United States of America. This country has been declared free of foot and mouth disease in May 1997. Beef is an example of Inter trade between Argentina and countries as Brazil because Argentinas

How to Write an Effective News Article

How to Write an Effective News Article Whether youre interested in writing for a school newspaper, fulfilling a requirement for a class, or seeking a writing job in journalism, youll need to write like a professional to produce a good article. So what does it take to write like a real reporter? Researching the News Story First, you must decide what to write about. Sometimes an editor or instructor will give you assignments, but often you’ll have to find your own topics to cover. If you have a choice about the topic, you might be able to pick a subject related to your personal experience or family history, which would give you a strong framework and a dose of perspective. However, you must work to avoid bias. You may have strong opinions that could affect your conclusions. Beware of fallacies in your logic. You also could pick a topic that revolves around a strong interest, such as your favorite sport. Even if you end up with a topic close to your heart, you should begin with research, using books and articles that will give you a full understanding of the subject. Go to the library and find background information about people, organizations, and events you intend to cover. Next, interview a few people to collect more information and quotes that reflect the public’s perception of the event or story. Dont be intimidated by the idea of interviewing important or newsworthy people.  An interview can be as formal or informal as you want to make it, so relax and have fun with it. Find people with backgrounds in the topic and strong opinions, and carefully write down their responses for accuracy. Let the interviewees know that you will be quoting them. Parts of a News Article Before you write your first draft, you should be aware of the parts that make up a news story: Headline or title: The headline  of your article should be catchy and to the point. You should punctuate your title using Associated Press style guidelines, which specify, for instance, that the first word is capitalized, but, unlike other title styles, words after the first word (except for proper nouns) typically arent. Numbers arent spelled out. Other members of the publication staff frequently write the headlines, but this will help focus your thoughts and maybe save those other staffers some time. Examples: Lost dog finds his way homeDebate tonight in Jasper HallPanel chooses 3 essay winners Byline: The byline is the name of the writer- your name, in this case. Lead (sometimes written lede): The lead is generally the first paragraph and is written to provide a preview of the entire story. It summarizes the story and includes many of the basic facts. The lead will help readers decide if they want to read the rest of the story, or if they are satisfied knowing these details. The story: Once you’ve set the stage with a good lead, follow up with a well-written story that contains facts from your research and quotes from people you’ve interviewed. The article should not contain your opinions. Detail any events in chronological order. Use active voice- not passive voice- when possible and write in clear, short, direct sentences. In a news article, you typically put the most critical information in the early paragraphs and follow with supporting information, to make sure the reader sees the important details first and, you hope, is intrigued enough to continue to the end. The sources: Put your sources with the information and quotes they provide, not at the bottom of each page or the end of the story, as you would for an academic paper. The ending: Your conclusion can be your last bit of information, a summary, or a carefully chosen quote to leave the reader with a strong sense of your story.

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films Movie Review

Stephen Kings Novels Recreated into Films - Movie Review Example The story of Dr Louis Creed (Midkiff) and his efforts to revive his three-year-old son (Hughes), killed by one of the giant trucks that thunder past their new Maine home, is more like a sketchy outline than a finished work. No film about a scalpel-wielding three-year-old psycho zombie could be entirely devoid of shocks. But reams of tedious exposition, about a children's pet 'sematary' and the magical resurrecting properties of an Indian burial ground, stretch patience and credulity to their limits, while Lambert fails to exploit the potential of the novel's best set pieces. The stories told in flashback by Creed's wife (Crosby) and their elderly neighbour (Gwynne) also seem hopelessly contrived, arresting the book's page-turning plot without adding emotional or psychological depth. If Pet Sematary was just a movie, then it might seem somehow acceptable: its plot, sort of a modern day zombie flick, is fairly creepy, and its premise is sufficiently horrific. Pet Sematary is not, however, a stand-alone film. It is, after all, a translation of a novel, and a great novel, at that. Though plotwise, the film stays fairly true to Stephen King's novel, it remains flat and unconvincing throughout. Unfortunately, this is a fate that has befallen most of King's work. Stephen King's novels don't, as a rule, translate well onto the silver screen. In much the same way that Church, having come back from the dead, seems to be missing something vital, so do King's books when they transition to movies. Perhaps this is because so much of the action in Stephen King's novels, so much of what is horrifying in them, happens to the characters internally. It is their thoughts, their fears, their histories and hopes, that make King's novels so successful. Films often have difficulty con veying this, and this is especially true of the horror genre. Pet Sematary is no exception to this rule. The novel that Pet Sematary is based on is probably one of the best, most terrifying horror novels ever written, and that only makes the movie even more disappointing. In his novel, Stephen King reveals the horror layer by layer, peeling away the sense of normality and safety little by little, until all that is left is sheer terror. Dreamcatcher Starring: Morgan Freeman, Thomas Jane, Director: Lawrence Kasdan, Release Date: March 2003, Genres: Horror, Suspense. The movie opens with four troubled guys in their late twenties, Dr. Henry Devlin (Thomas Jane), Joe 'Beaver' Clarendon (Jason Lee), Gary 'Jonesy' Jones (Damian Lewis) and Pete Moore (Timothy Olyphant), dealing with their gift. These lifelong buddies were given the ability to read minds and more by a mentally challenged guy named Douglas 'Duddits' Cavell (Donnie Wahlberg) when they were young. Now they use their magic to do such mundane things as finding the lost car keys of a real estate agent that one of them wants to date. But their talents will soon be put to the test. Meanwhile back in the snow-covered woods where the guys are going for their annual outing, trouble is brewing. The mad Colonel Abraham Kurtz (Morgan Freeman), ably assisted by

Do you have to believe in Reason to believe in Democracy Essay - 1

Do you have to believe in Reason to believe in Democracy - Essay Example As such, it is prudent to acquire â€Å"education and to work with dignity; to love our families, our communities, and our God† (Obama). Though some nations are not well developed, they have to make different approaches in strengthening their democracy. There are reasons why people should believe in democracy. â€Å"More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many† (Obama). Their rights were infringed as the colonial era was still ruling. With such instances, people felt that there was a need for another approach in salvaging the situation. This was an initiative that would bring a better solution to the people that felt they were infringed as they did not exercise their rights. This is the initial step in people believing in democracy. Democracy was the initial approach which enabled people to start advocating their rights. Without democracy, gender equality would have never been annihilated. Apparently, women are to be gi ven equal opportunities just as the male gender. Obama states that women should not be regarded as lesser human beings as they are equal to others. He states, â€Å"I do believe that a woman who is denied an education is denied equality† (Obama). As such, the president of the United States insists that there should be corporation and coexistence between the male gender and female gender. This is one of the fruits that have been achieved through democracy. Though colonialism instigated some tension on the rights of people, this is an era that has been alienated. Therefore, people should focus on giving others equal opportunities which will instill democracy and disciplined existence in the human fraternity. Democracy is a social way of expressing people’s views. Obama states that some relationships are strengthened by divergent views of people. He states that there is a need to empower people that embrace peace, as this will help solve conflicts. As such, there will be justice and prosperity. The society has a large number of people that had divergent views. As such, they will continue to express their divergent views in different places. Since the society has a large number of people, some people will be forced to have the same reaction with others. This creates a scenario where some communities in groups are of a similar opinion. Consequentially, Obama states that there is a need to seek reconciliation between the United States and the Muslim fraternity. A new beginning will enhance â€Å"principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings† which will pave the way for greater democracy (Obama). This stimulates their unity as they would wish to fight for their opinion. When a larger group of the community is in support of a particular opinion, it is evident that the larger community will push their opinion to greater heights. As such, their decision will be highly accepted. This is backed by the many supporter s that are of the same opinion. Therefore, believing in democracy is a good reason to push forward views that are acceptable by a larger number of people. If this is not done, the opinion of many people in society will not be adhered to. This limits the continuity of society especially in making vital decisions. Democracy is a way of enhancing progress and development. It helps people and the community to shape their lives. For instance, people that shape up the community are people in power. These are the people that have a mandate to control the

Multiple Sclerosis Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Multiple Sclerosis (1) One third of a million Americans suffer from MS and a great percentage of those people are women. Women account for 73% of MS sufferers. (2) MS usually strikes young adults between the ages of 20 and 40 years old. (8) There are even some cases of MS being diagnosed in childhood. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the central nervous system, attacking the brain and the spinal cord. MS attacks myelin, the fatty material that acts as a protective coating to the body's nerves. (1) The inflammation of the nerve tissues covering the nerves can affect any part of the nervous system and varies from person to person. (7) Normal nerve function decreases with the onset of MS because MS causes scars to form on the covering of the nerve. Multiple Sclerosis acquires this term because it literally means scars. (1,7) The covering of the nerve with myelin is very important so that the nerve can transmit signals rapidly and efficiently. Demylelination enables the nerve to carry impulses properly by either blocking or slowing transmission and this is why the various symptoms of MS occur. (1) Symptoms associated with Multiple sclerosis consist in a wide range. MS could cause a numbness of the limbs, loss of vision, or even paralysis. (2) There is no specific set of symptoms that a patient may experience because MS may have affected different parts of the nervous system. Some patients may experience a loss of balance, unstable walking, clumsiness, blurred vision, spasticity (a spring-like resistance to moving or being moved), abnormal speech, memory loss, impotence, and bladder problems are to name a few. (1) In any one patient the symptoms may vary with each attack. (7) The symptoms can last up to days or... ...ave MS are suffering from a disease from which there is no cure and can only have their symptoms alleviated for a while. Earlier mandatory testing should be at the forefront for the young adults that MS targets. > WWW Sources 1)What is MS?, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html 2)What is Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.nationalmssociety.org/ILD/home/ 3)Multiple Sclerosis: Overview, http://medstat.med.utah.edu/ 4)References on Multiple Sclerosis and Marijuana , http://www.druglibrary.org/ 5)Multiple Sclerosis, Mulitiple Sclerosis Symptom, Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web3/www.pychealth.com 6)My Life and Fight Against Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.angelfire.lycos.com/ 7)Multiple Sclerosis, http://health.yahoo.com/ 8)Multiple Sclerosis, http://www.msif.org/language_choice.html

Nature Versus Nurture Essay

Nature versus Nurture The nature versus nurture debate has been one that has been around for centuries. This debate was spawned from the idea that nature and nurture are both pieces of the human puzzle. Are we as humans shaped because of our genes only or are we influenced by our peers and environment? The opinion of this writer is that a person is who he or she is based on both principals of nature and nurture. Personal Thoughts My thoughts on nature and nurture have never been explored until now. I have always assumed that I am who I am because God made me this way. Now that I have learned a bit more about this debate, I find that I am a product of both nature and nurture. I am tall, have brown hair, wear glasses, and speak with a country accent because of my gene structure given to me by my parents. The way that I act and my thought processes come from influences in my environment and the teachings of my family. â€Å"We are a product of nature and nurture, but we are also an open system† (Myers, pg. 167). This means that even though genes and culture are influences in a person’s overall structure, a person can defy each. For example, as a teenager, I was always pressured to go with the crowd and conform to their ways of thinking and acting. I wanted so badly to fit in and found it difficult because I was tall, lanky, and had acne which was all given to me by my nature or genetic structure. Growing up in a smaller town, teenage drinking was a pressure of my social group and while I knew it would be the â€Å"thing to do†, I opposed what culture was telling me was okay. I chose not to go with the crowd and for that, I enjoyed my high school experience in my own way. I was taught by my parents the consequences of right and wrong and knew that making such choices were wrong for me which was instilled in me through the nurture part of my makeup. God says â€Å"Train up a child in the way in which he should go† (Prov. 22:6) which must have been a very important verse as I was growing up. My parents and grandparents have always been influential in making me a self-respecting, confident adult who can make conscious decisions on my own. History The nature versus nurture debate first began in the 13th century in France. Our genes give us our internal imprint that tell us what color our eyes are, how tall we will be, and how big our feet will be. Our genetic structure makes us unique. Psychological influences refer to our beliefs, feelings, and expectations of life experiences. These characteristics are based on the â€Å"gene-environment interaction† and can give us â€Å"responses evoked by our own temperament, gender, etc. † (Myers, pg. 167). Finally, social-cultural influences are how society influences our development. These can come from our parents, friends, culture, and even gender. A person’s social-cultural influences can cause them to see people differently than they normally would. I could see this being the state where racism is influenced. Unfortunately, I see this becoming a bigger influencing factor in the years ahead and we, as a society, have many different cultural groups in our everyday lives. Conclusion In conclusion, the nature versus nurture debate can take on many different forms in how it is perceived. One could see that they are who they are based on their heredity while another could see it from an environmental viewpoint.

Receptor Antagonists Modulator Of Abuse Potential Of Drugs

5-HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS: MODULATOR OF ABUSE POTENTIAL OF DRUGS Abstract Serotonergic system in brain creates an important network for proper functioning of brain. It plays an integral role in regulating A9 as well as A10 dopaminergic neurons in basal neuronal circuit. The 5-HT3 receptors are found to be the only ionic receptors in serotonergic family of receptors regulating several important functions of brain. The abuse drugs lead to dopamine increase in nucleus accumbens. This paper reflects on role of 5-HT3 antagonists in modulating the abuse potential of drugs. Among all the abuse drugs, 5-HT3 receptors are found to be most effective in condition of alcoholism. Moreover, there are evidences of neuroadaptive changes in brain after chronic use of 5-HT3 antagonists. All these studies led to identify site of action of alcohol and other abuse drugs on 5-HT3 receptor which is found to be different than the orthosteric site. CONTENTS 1. History of 5-HT3 2. Discovery of 5-HT receptors 3. Structure of 5-HT3 receptor 4. Mechanism of action of 5-HT3 receptor 5. Distribution of 5-HT3 receptor 5.1. Mesocorticolimbic pathway 5.2. Prefrontal cortex 6. Alcohol and 5-HT3 receptor 6.1. Electrophysiological Analysis: Potentiation of 5-HT3 activity by Alcohol 6.2. Inhibitory activity of Alcohol 6.3. Alcohol binding site on 5-HT3 receptor 7. Role of 5-HT3 antagonists 7.1. 5-HT3 antagonists and Dopamine 7.2. 5-HT3 antagonists: Abuse potential 7.2.1. 5-HT3 antagonists and Alcohol 7.2.2.Show MoreRelatedFuture Medications and Newer Drugs3158 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction This chapter deals with the newer drugs available in all classes of psychiatric disorders. Anxiety (Social Phobia) Anxiety disorders affect more than 40 million adults in the U.S., with about 15 million of those suffering from acute social phobia, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. The drug, which has a unique mechanism of action, is administered in an intranasal spray and acts with rapid-onset on peripheral receptors from nasal chemosensory neurons that act on theRead MoreMedications Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagescategories will be automatically identified by the software based on the lists that follow. The user will be provided with the appropriate section on Jon’s list that provides both a list of related medications within this category and comments on the potential impact on testing.) Pain Medications: Opiates and synthetic opioids (Morphine, Dilaudid, Tylenol #3, Vicodin, Oxycontin, Tramadol, Fentanyl, Oxycodone, Codeine, Methadone) Comment: These medications tend to be habit forming, tend to induceRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Alcohol Abuse3037 Words   |  13 PagesSubstance abuse is use of a substance (drug) or alcohol in which the person consumes the substance/alcohol in amounts or with different methods which are harmful for themselves or others. Substance abuse and addictions are run in families. Alcohol drinking can be defined in many types as following- Social drinking is defined as occasional drinking in a social setting without an intention to get drunk. Binge drinking is defined as consumption of alcohol in excess of which is socially acceptable,Read MoreEssay On Phencyclidine4300 Words   |  18 Pagesantipsychotics [7]. Moreover, a number of recent studies have suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as adjuncts to antipsychotic drugs are effective for treating schizophrenia [8,  9]. Therefore, the pathological process underlying schizophrenia may involve neuroinflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Noncompetitive  N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, including phencyclidine (PCP), evoke schizophrenia-like psychosis and cognitive deficits in healthyRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pageslong-standing legal matters. This belies the good progress we have made to execute our strategy and which is evident in diversiï ¬ ed underlying sales growth and the increasing potential of our pipeline. We believe GSK is becoming a more balanced, synergistic business with a lower risk proï ¬ le and the option for signiï ¬ cant potential upside from the pipeline. GSK is also a business built on strong values and a deep commitment to operating with integrity. In 2010 we have taken further steps to make our company

Managerial and Organizational Behavior - Office Space A...

AbstractThere are four major influences that can impact an organizations structure. With the movie Office Space as an example, the way employees handle change, paradigms, power, and politics will be analyzed. Theories will be cited of what techniques can be initiated to ensure effective organizational management and behavior. Office Space is a great example of irrational management and bizarre human behavior. The executives at the fictitious company in the movie, Initech, do not demonstrate successful managerial organizational skills. Great respect is paid to the impact that organizational change can encompass. Managerial and Organizational BehaviorOffice Space: A Case StudyOrganizational behavior can be defined as individual behavior†¦show more content†¦Many of these attributes are present in non-fictional organizations as well. The way we handle change, paradigms, power, and political behavior, will all affect the way a department or company will run. I feel the way we react to change is the biggest issue. Change occurs every day, at work and at home; although, sometimes we are not conscious of it. Sometimes it is not significant enough to make a drastic impact. Managing ChangeOrganizations are changing nearly daily. It has become the standard in most organizations (Nelson, Quick, 2006). The presence of continuous change appears to be the only constant in organizational life today. One area that continues its transformation of organizations is the design itself. The way in which companies are configured today is changing (Buhler, 2000). Change can be as dramatic as downsizing or a merger, or it can be as minute as hiring more staff. Either way, it still has an impact on employees. The contingency approach to the structure of current organizations suggests there is no one best structure appropriate for every organization (Buhler, 2000, p. 15). Rather, this approach contends the best structure for an organization fits its needs for the situation at the time. The best structure for an organization may change over time-as the situation within which the company operates changes and the environment changes (Buhler, 2000, p. 15). The key is toShow MoreRelatedToo Much Too Soon Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY TOO MUCH TOO SOON NISHANT THAKUR 1775563 MGMT 121/ SM05(1) Synopsis The scenario is about Sara Patel; she has finished college and is working in a company called Maddison for three years. The first two years she had worked in sales department but now she is working as a sales trainer in the sales and development department. For a while everything was going smooth, all the people in the department liked her and there was an air of openness, until the department started expandingRead MoreBenefits Of Telecommuting From A Human Resource Essay1337 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Telecommuting is an increasingly popular organizational dynamic that presents unique challenges for workers, managers, and human resources departments regarding how employees relate to their organizations, as well as what telecommuters need from their managers to be satisfied, committed employees. Much is known about how employees in private companies relate to their organizations in a standard work setting. However, little is understood about how teleworkers in government organiz ations relateRead MoreDevelopment Of Strategic Human Resource Management3563 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract: The evolution for the latest office culture to provide freedom and opportunity for transforming business has been emphasized in this academic research study. The role and contribution of SHRM in this direction is considered inseparable. It helps in encouraging new forms of working and making the environment suitable and adequate for effective work. The aspect of Strategic Human Resource Management facilitates in achieving the business performance through productive and satisfied employeesRead MoreCase Study of Challenge Disaster- from a Risk Management Perspective2778 Words   |  12 Pagesmanagement and control system in the reality from the cases study of Challenger disaster. The real cause of the space shuttle Challenger accident 1986 was the flawed decision making process leading to the launch of the shuttle. The flawed decision making process was not a result of individual mistake. Rather, it was a product of problematic management and control system of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). I found this case interesting because the failure was produced by a highlyRead Moreintermediate accounting 2 test bank Essay8318 Words   |  34 Pagesassessment measures in a wide range of courses made available for current students as study aids. †¢ What is an INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTION MANUAL (ISM) INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL (IM)? -An Instructors Manual is the guide that your teacher may use when making lesson plans and contain extra questions and answers, lab assignments, and more. ############################# Why should I use previously administered tests to study? * become familiar with how material will be tested * see the format of the test Read MoreThe Orion Shield Case Analysis Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Orion Shield Project Case Study Executive Summary Project management is the science of planning, organizing, executing, and managing the resources needed to achieve a specific goal. Effective project managers (PM) strategically facilitate the entire project management process to ensure the project’s success. To do this the PM must adequately meet the specific requirements (i.e., time, scope, quality, and cost) set forth by the project and its stakeholders. It is theorized that PM must possessRead MoreCentralized and decentralized2533 Words   |  11 Pagesfor most decisions is concentrated at the top of the managerial hierarchy versus ‘decentralization’ that requires such authority to be dispersed by extension and delegation throughout all levels of  management. There are advantages as well as disadvantages of both types of structures. A pure form of centralization is not practical except in small companies and pure form of decentralization almost never exists. However, the type of organizational structure would determine the degree of centralizationRead MoreOrganizational Behavior7738 Words   |  31 PagesOrganizational Behavior BUS 502 Md. Lutfar Rahman Faculty College of Business Administration IUBAT—International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Text †¢ Organizational Behavior 13th Edition †¢ Author: Stephen P. Robbins Chapter ONE What is Organizational Behavior? Organizational Behavior †¢ Organizational behavior (often abbreviated OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purposeRead MoreCreating and Strengthening Organizational Culture: the Experience of Digi Malaysia3013 Words   |  13 PagesCreating and Strengthening organizational culture: The experience of Digi Malaysia TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Discussion Power Distance Individualism versus collectivism Masculinity versus feminity Uncertainty Avoidance Conclusion Citation INTRODUCTION Culture is a global phenomenon that derived from social, economic, legal, political and religious norms, values and traditions of the society. Culture shapes the behavior of individuals to act accordingly in different situationsRead MoreProblem Statement And Research Questions3043 Words   |  13 PagesRESEARCH QUESTIONS ii 8 Introduction The United States (U.S.) government department of defense (DOD), department of commerce?s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spend billions of dollars every year on space-based satellite acquisition programs (GAO, 2013a, 2013b, 2015a). The satellites provide vital services to the armed forces, government operations, national security, the civilian agencies, and commercial operations

Impact Of Industrialisation On Patterns Of Urban Development

The impact of industrialisation on patterns of urban development in nineteenth century Europe Urbanization is defined as an omnipresent process during which a primary and rural society revolves gradually into a cultivated and industrious one. The linkage between industrialization and urban growth defies an explicit description it is tight and visible, but cannot be simply reduced to direct linearity. It is well known that many small African countries have initiated or accomplished low-level urbanization without economic growth. Roughly without industrial revolution, a few cities such as Italy and Netherlands had their urban dweller proportion raised. Switzerland, Germany, England and France had the similar phenomena. Precious long†¦show more content†¦During the proto-industrial development phase, production burgeoned in various villages and cottages near towns or commercial centers, which were fully packed with rural industrial workers. Nevertheless, shortages of investment in services and administration precluded those regions from turning into giant cities. Urban growth during this period depended highly on physical power such as transportation artery, mine and waterfalls and so forth. During the process of the coal-based expansion, the larger-scale production spurred by combination of technology and coal, had exerted much more influence upon urbanization than the former phase. Massive capital poured into coal-based settlements with the very intention to accelerate the urban growth. Yet production cost, expensive raw materials, low efficiency and political concerns impeded the whole process to a large extent. Not until the emergence of the second industrial revolution had the western and central Europe experienced an authentic convergence of industrial production and urban growth. London, the leader, together with Vienna, Berlin and Paris exploded in population and size during this period (Hohenberg et al., 1985). Economy of scale required continuous pooling of capital, employment and materials. Led by the Great Britain, the main European powers, such as France and Germany, all went through the

Open Work Space Research Essay Free Essays

The Study Recently in the work space, there seems to be a shift from this traditional cubicle style to a more open environment for the employees. This shift has me questioning why are innovative companies shifting towards this more open environment? It seems that these companies are looking not only for a change in scenery, but a change in the how there employees utilize the environment. During this study, I will use a variety of sources in order to understand a comma NYSE work space environment and other information pertaining the architectural design of a company. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Work Space Research Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The questions especially want to explore are: How does the open workspace effect the collaboration between employees? How does this work space attempt to foster an environment for creativity and innovation? Informational Sources The sources have used ranged from a variety of places. The information I collected from Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group was a large group interview which was required for a summer class where we studied cultures of creativity in Detroit, Michigan. These two interviews took place on August 24, 2013. The large group interview also included a tour of both companies to actually see the working environment firsthand. Field notes were also taken to help record detailed descriptions of the environment at both companies. Another source used for this research included an online magazine called 991. . This magazine publishes research in a condensed and easy to understand format for the general public. It described research on how to build a collaborative work space. I read this to help better my understanding of what a collaborative work space might look like and what re some key components for a creative work space. Also watched a video created by Wall Street Journal on Google’s New York work space because, have never been there. Th is video allowed me to visually see the environment where Google employees work. Another source utilized was a prCICS completed from an article called Building Research and Information. It included research done in this area which helped me orient myself with prior research already completed on this topic. Previous Research Completed on Work Space Environment One research prCICS I looked at included the importance of collaboration in the work space. They looked at three behaviors that contribute to effective collaboration: â€Å"awareness, brief interaction, and collaboration (working together)† (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 2). This term awareness means to understand what is going on in the environment around you. You are able to process this through â€Å"spatial features that promote awareness† and organizational factors that allow you to see other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 4-5). They noted Some benefits to this ‘high awareness’ Were rapid information sharing and ability to recognize when other employees were struggling Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 6). However there are some concerns for ‘high awareness’ in a collaborative environment also. It can be distracting, noisy from employees talking, and create a loss of privacy for the workers (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 7). Another term discussed was ‘brief interactions’ which means unplanned and short discussions you have with other employees. This results in â€Å"spatial features that promote interaction† and organizational factors that allow you to run into other employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, pars. 9-10). Some benefits include improved information flow, increased learning, and increased development Of friendships (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 1). There are, however, some drawbacks which include a high potential for stress, an increase in distractions, and the potential for over communicating with employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 12). The other term discussed in the prCICS was collaboration. Collaboration in the work space can result in organizational f actors that allow employees to work in project rooms (Hangmen, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, ears. 18-19). Some benefits from these project rooms are quicker answers, access to other team members, and better project tracking (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 0). Despite these benefits, there are some concerns including the possibility for information overload, a shorter amount of time on certain tasks, and less privacy for employees (Hearing, Compromisers, Powell, and Loftiness, par. 21). Evaluating Google and Two Outside Innovative Companies Google is the company which typifies an open work space concept. However, I needed to use Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group in Detroit, Michigan because they were local and accessible. Both of these companies were much smaller than Google. However, there are innovative and utilize the open work space concept. Google is known for their web search engine and try to make information easily accessible to the users. The Google New York campus occupies an entire floor and parts of other floors in a building covering an entire â€Å"city block in Manhattans Chelsea neighborhood† (Alter, par. 7). This campus has grown from around 2,000 employees to nearly 3,000 and hiring in the areas of media and advertising (Jordan). Due to the arrival of additional employees, the newly hired have had to move from floor to floor (Jordan). In this campus as opposed to Silicon Valley, it is less tech focused and gives the employees a more natural working environment (Jordan). Google’s competitive and innovative nature attracts many young employees to their company. Despite Google’s great benefits, there is still a high turnover rate, which means they have a limited amount of time with their employees. Kidders Studio is an innovative company which is a part Of the creative community in Detroit, Michigan. Since 1 959, Kidders Studio has earned a beatable name for solving problems with designs. They started off solving problems by designing logos for the automotive companies in Detroit. In 201 1, Kidders moved to their new location on Broadway Street near the Detroit Tigers Stadium. Their diverse team of 25 office employees design logos and websites for advertisements, but their goal is to create the extraordinary (Patrick). They started with 16 employees and are looking to expand to 35 employees. Some of their biggest clients are Dave and Buster’s, Detroit Tigers, and Andiron Restaurant. At Kramer Design Group in Detroit, they specialize in designing the interiors of buildings. There are about 18 to 28 people that work at the office, because there are only 28 desks available. When they work with their clients, they focus on creating a particular environment in order to invoke a certain feeling (Kramer). They strive for listening to the client. However, sometimes the client does not know what they want until you show it to them. This company provides swatches of materials to help visualize the production or prototype built. They are known for creating traditional architecture, hotels, and presidential lofts. They have completed such projects in Detroit like the Madison Building, Broodier Towers, and Whitney Building (Kramer). Kramer Design Group is starting to pick up some business throughout the state. Kramer Design Group and Kidders Studio Work Space Company ices are redesigning offices in order to get a more spacious working environment for their employees. This open work space is intended to foster creativity and innovation. Designing a place to enhance creativity takes a lot of work not only on the companies half, but on the architects half as well. It is important the architect works in collaboration with their client to create a specific environment. In this case, the architect needs to create an environment that is not only functional to the employees, but pleasing to the customer. Open office spaces seem to fuel this creativity through the collaboration of diverse groups of people, the flexibility of the work space, and the atmosphere of the room with numerous examples from Detroit, Machine’s Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. A key component to this creativity and innovation is allowing the mixture of diverse groups of people to work together in an open area. To define diverse, this word is meant to describe how individuals with various job titles and functions can ark cohesively together. Providing people an open environment encourages informal connections to be made and ideas to be bounced off one another (Patrick). For example, at Kidders Studio, their work place fosters an environment where colleagues can collaborate with each other (Patrick). The studio is set up with no doors on any of the offices, even the Coo’s office. Over the years, the company has developed this process to be successful. During their meetings, they encourage administrative workers, designers, marketers, and writers to brainstorm ideas for projects (Patrick). These brainstorming sessions involve everyone in the company to work on a project where titles mean nothing (Patrick). Sometimes, disagreement can be a bad thing. But it has become a useful tool because, it encourages ideas to be explored and defended by the creator (Patrick). The end result is a better thought out solution which provides the customer with an outstanding product. Creating flexibility in the work space seems to be another crucial element which allows this creativity and innovation to flourish. Kramer Design Group utilizes the portability and disability of the room to create an environment where creativity is maximized. The portable chairs in the lunch space allow the user to rearrange the space. The emphasis on designing a flexible work space allows people to freely converse amongst one another (Kramer). It also gives the workers an environment which allows easy access to coworkers (Kramer). Some of the offices have glass walls to give the illusion of a more open space (Kramer). One thing that stands out is there are few private offices. Private offices close workers off from the company and do not allow for ideas to be exchanged while the open spaces help stimulate creativity. In an open space, the atmosphere plays an important role in the minimization of creativity and innovation. Kramer Design Group’s office is designed with a level of sophistication and professionalism to illustrate their knowledge in the design field (Kramer). The minute you step into the office, it is meant to create a feeling bigger than meets the eye. There is wall to wall glass to give an expansive feeling to the area and it makes the ceiling appear taller (Kramer). In the hallway, there are columns spaced equal distances apart and a white strip on the carpet to give the illusion of a never ending hall (Kramer). Even the lighting plays into the comfortable ambiance of the room with their modern looking lights which use some incandescent lighting. Their office provides a creative, yet comfortable environment. It allows their employees to think freely in the office with the respect of their fellow colleagues. Google’s Innovative Design Google’s New York campus has a similar goal in their office design like Kidders Studio and Kramer Design Group. â€Å"All of the design is meant to encourage interaction between structurally separate teams† (Jordan). By implementing this open work space, it influences the way groups of Google’s collaborate. Google’s intention by using an open work space is to create an environment specifically for the interaction between the workers. A fun design plan Google’s architects implemented is the vertical ladder chutes between floors, because the elevators are never known to be on time. This vertical ladder chute promotes unplanned collaborations (Alter, par. 7). Another touch Google added was giving the employees a bag to place their laptop in while climbing up the ladder (Jordan). This bag helped Google’s minimize the chance of dropping their laptops. When workers causally intermingle, it encourages informal connections to be made among colleagues. Senior software engineer, Mike Labels moved from Google’s Silicon Valley to Google’s New York campus. At Google’s Silicon Valley, their offices are created as an individual place with their own unique perks and specific design, which help the worker relate to their environment Road). Since Labels has transferred to Google’s New York office, he feels that coming to work here you will not mistake you are in some room at an ordinary building; you will know you are at Google in New York (Jordan). It seems Google’s New York office has created their own city within their building. Even some of their conference rooms are designed as a New York apartment to create a close environment for colleagues to collaborate within. Directly outside these conference rooms, it is setup like city with a fire hydrant, subway grates on the floor, and a narrow hallway with a cityscape on the wall (Jordan). This use of schematics throughout areas of their building makes it seem like the real New York City outside of the building. Collaboration is a good thing, but too much can also be a bad thing sometimes. There are many places to get away from the hustle and bustle of the office area. These areas include a reflecting room, a library, a private hone booth, and more. The library is dotted with Victorian photos from Star Wars hanging on the walls (Jordan). There are also secret door bookcases leading to refection or reading rooms (Jordan). Throughout the library are many books to help employees on coding, programming and working with different types of computers (Jordan). One of the coolest features is the virtual wall of books where employees can download books to their phones (Jordan). Theses rooms are meant to give the workers a place to escape to when they get stressed at work. Google jobs can cause high stress because Of all the work demands. They can stop by the library and pick out a book or even download one from the virtual wall. By creating this comfortable environment, it gives the employees a place to relieve their stress. Regional facilities manager, Laura Gimped mentioned with groups growing in Google how proprieties and juxtaposition effect the workers interactions (loran). Laura understands generally information and ideas are shared with co-workers who are nearby. This is part of the reason that Google has positioned their offices no more than 150 feet away from food to enhance informal interactions between its employees. So at any office location there s a micro-kitchen, a restaurant, or cafeteria nearby. This place encourages fellow Google’s to go grab a bite to eat whenever and where ever they may be in the building (Jordan). Their set up enables employees to â€Å"bump into coworkers from different teams within the† work space (Alter, par. 8). She has taken into account the growth of the company with an eye towards this idea of casual collision in the work space (Jordan). This allows fellow Google’s to have the opportunity to discuss an idea with someone they normally do not work with (Jordan). Some of the greatest ideas are inspired from unexpected inventions between people. Findings Coming from an architectural background has enabled me to see rooms differently from other people. However, after this research, I was able to look at a room and see the choices and decisions the architect had to make in designing the room. For example, their placement of furniture, walls, doors and windows in a room plays a critical role in how the work space is used. The way an architect designs a room actually plays an important role for what the customer ultimately wants. Each of the companies I research ultimately had a similar goal through using the open work space concept. Kidder’s goals was to create the extraordinary through logos and design. Their office design fostered their employees to be creative. Kramer Design Group specialized in interior designing. Their open work space also did the same by providing their employees with a creative environment. Both of these places were designed, so the employees interacted regularly in order to get their ideas. Through my research even though did not actually visit, Google, the above examples helped me visualize what I could not see at Google. I have come to greater appreciate the open work space concept and its purpose at Google is to maximize its employees creativity. Through my research on open work spaces at Google, I have come to understand the choices the architects had to make while designing Google’s New York office. They choose to design the environment with many unique features to enhance the collaboration between employees. I have now come to see that through creating an open work space it results in good ideas from employees. Essentially, these good ideas are able to be obtained through creating these unexpected conversations and casual collisions. This new understanding can help companies understand ways to obtain ideas from their employees. Through creating this type of environment similar to Google, companies will be able to design an environment to maximize the productivity of workers. Conclusion Google is known as the gold standard for innovation and creativity. Their architects have used the open work space to help them achieve this goal. Through the design of the open work space, Google’s from different teams or backgrounds bump into each other casually throughout the day. The intent is for these Google’s to discuss an idea with someone they may not work with daily. This chance interaction may be the catalyst for a new and creative idea. This new open work space approach is intended to inspire its employees and support creativity where new ideas can be developed and new discoveries made. Further Questions If another research paper was completed, it may be interesting to see how other innovative companies like Apple, Paxar, and Twitter are set up in regards to their work space design. It would be interesting to see how these companies layout their work space, because there could be similar correlations to how their employee’s collaborate like Google. In order to answer this question, you would need to look at the interactions between the errors of the company. Since work spaces are always being remodeled by companies, it would be interesting to track innovative companies over the next five year to see how their work space changed over time. It would be ideal to interview employees throughout the change of the work space to see how it has effected them. It may be interesting to also speak to the management to determine whether there were more ideas generated in the newer work space than in the current type work space. This could help understand the reason behind why companies design a creative environment for their workers. How to cite Open Work Space Research Essay, Essays

Stages of Team Development-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Team Management, Leadership, Personality, Communication and Motivation. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to give observation to others experience in our life with different members of team and people in day-to-day life. The report refers to different aspects such as team building, leadership skills or styles, dealing with different personalities through communication skills. The report also discusses emotional intelligence, which plays a vital role in planning of resources through examining a range of published articles, internet sites and personal experiences. Since, most of the people think that it is about specifying our quantities, number of labor and equipments, managing team members and materials but it is more than that; with aligning , motivating and inspiring people with project vision and objective, and one who is flexible in high tech and high touch components, which leads to different questions in our mind. For example, if our numbers are perfect but labor is under emotional stress, what if there are conflicts between different team members? What will happen if they are not self-oriented? In addition, what actually does project resource-planning mean outside IQ? Without answering these questions, one is in a non-convincing way as well as in a distorted view of the situation with several key factors missing without any clear evidence. Team Development Stages A team is a number of individuals with reciprocal abilities who would confer will a normal end goal whats more who are attempting interdependently should accomplish particular execution objectives utilizing an approach for which they hold themselves commonly responsible for different stages of team development such as; Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning (patching, 2017). Forming: - The forming of various typical and interpersonal issues seems unclear to some people. Moreover, the responsibilities and roles of team members are not understandable and are just excited. During the task of putting stick in the first intensive block, there were many issues. For example, some people were getting frustrated, as they were unable to put stick down to earth, which leads to trust issues. Therefore, it started losing its ground for not having proper rules and responsibilities Storming: - Power, control, and influence are considered as the storming issues. For example, in the same task described above every person was in control of his own power and trying to be a coach with recommending his own interest over others (self-oriented behaviors). This issue leads to conflicts, which cannot be resolved by assigning team leader. The team leader seems to lack in interpersonal skills, being reserved with controlling emotions and unable to clarify and elaborate the situation to manage. The lack of monitoring and controlling efficiency for different people with different personalities or when the work is not defined properly then team may become uncomfortable with the approach team leader is using. Norming: - Norming is a stage where team members start to resolve their issues and are more communicative, trustworthy. In this stage, the communication and the coordination among the team members start to increase. Monitoring and controlling most of the problems during a task get resolved and positive feeling starts to emerge within the group as there is one spokesperson and remaining are listeners. Performing:- Performing is the stage of open debate and with no harsh feeling. In this stage, people start trusting their team members, engaging in all issues and solving all problems without any disruptive feelings. The best example for team development is jet flying coordination; where there are no issues, no harsh feelings, being dependent on each other, with no affection, no power control, just coordination with each other through appreciations and communication. Leadership Styles Leadership style is more about motivating people and building relationship with nurturing behavior (BLUE). Sometimes another leadership style (RED) can be found where there is a situation of formal tone and a person needs to be direct and decisive. The leadership styles in business world require sense of purpose above vision to co-operate values, such as money (patching, 2017). For example, money takes over a persons contribution of time like self-value, spiritual value and personal relationship value and the person start losing his motivation, which inversely affects the soul of the project. There are different categories of leadership styles according to PMBOK@ guide 7th edition such as bureaucratic, laissez-faire, democratic, autocratic, coaching and strategic (4squareviews, 2017). In this group, there were people who were nervous and tried to control their emotions because they did not know whether they are going to be correct or wrong. These people also did not have good communication skills. Since being a non-native speaker, it is hard to say things than a native speaker. Due to this disadvantage, people try to control emotions and become reserved. In another hand, some people are systematic in their behavior style, which is good for leadership skills. Behavior in leadership plays a vital role at the time of negotiation. This skill is followed by suggestions making an adjustment in feelings, attitude, involving people for change in belief as well as the change in dysfunctional belief, surrounded by negative thoughts. Again, when there is negotiation on a certain price in the class, the group nominated the person who has good communication skills, emotional quotient and who is looking for a win-win situation with a power of patience and has the ability to ask why? The nomination of the leader depends on these qualities because then only the leader can deliver what the group wants in a negotiation. Since, the team was having a deadline factor of 10min in which we have to negotiate a price $16,500(approx.) with no range of negotiation as well as without knowledge of conditions, under those circumstances, the team led to a non-negotiable stage. Personality Styles Personality is that aspect of a person, which a project manager deals with his day-to-day life. When a project manager knows what kind of personality other person possesses, he is able to motivate that person easily. He also understands himself in a better way by increasing self-awareness so that he can understand how people are going to react to him. Personality might be the extrovert, introvert which can be explained by giving an example, during our discussion exercise about vice chancellor as well as about our job experience within certain time limit we noticed different behavior styles of different peoples with different facial expressions by moving their eyes in a different direction. What I noticed was that most of the people were introvert and two of the persons were hesitating to speak as they were unable to make eye-to-eye contact and were talking outside the business area. The body posture of those people was not in a good position and they were trying to pass the time rath er than facing one while others were having different facial expression. Most of the people try to visualize all things and then construct images before speaking but every individual has a different way of representing information. Therefore, it will result in movement of eyes; here are the different expressions of the eye as discussed in class shown in the figure. If I talk about the personality; while we were doing negotiation, exercise people were trying to access the other person behavior and style. It was not like xeroxing them and posing as they were standing in front of a mirror, which is a good sign. This is because it makes other people feel good and feeling other people better is what we have to do while negotiating (Alan patching 2017). We have to be emotionally attached to them but sometimes when we are negotiating with a situation where I win, you lose people, we have to make them sit in front place then they think that they are in the driving position. The fact is they are not and a person should also balance his rigidness against any displays of compromise other person shows but have your conscious mind in control because it may be a plot against you(Greg Williams). Motivational Types Motivation is always about inspiring others to dream more, to learn more, do more and become more than you are a leader (John Quincy Adams). Motivation depends on the style of person to persons relationship value and tries to understand each other through our motivational values. A good project manager is a leader who imposes situation, environment, and conditions, which suit his team members the most. In the class, the team had done certain exercise on motivational value system with different personalities with RED, BLUE, and GREEN with significant numbers. These numbers were there to determine those peoples behavior and reaction towards another team member after the completion of the project. BLUEs tried to be helpful in nature to others, ensuring each persons happiness, making every person life easier with certain objectives for future projects with all aspects of calculation. In another hand, REDs were direct in their nature with the given exercise of negotiation. When we were negotiating on a certain amount they were responsible to help us out rather than just increasing the range and making a situation in either win-lose or lose win condition. They were listening patiently to us and were trying to understand the situation of the customer about how it happened, under what circumstances it occurred and why the amount we were asking in negotiation was more than their amount. For example, if we have a new battery which costs around 250$, new leather seats, new tyres, with all new music system then the insurance company is trying to make sure that customer is fully satisfied. The company is also trying to create unwarranted conflicts rather just putting insurance company benefits ahead of the scustomer by increasing range by 10,000 (which was done by other groups). Communication Styles Communication is the basis for negotiation but language sometimes becomes a barrier to communication, there were certain people who can speak more than three languages and they can act as a negotiator for big companies. When we were doing an exercise of communication style to check up until what level we can understand someone without speaking a word, understand what that person feels, and tries to communicate through his actions References (2017). 5th Edition PMBOK GuideChapter 9: Leadership Styles on a Project. [online] Available at: https://4squareviews.com/2013/06/28/5th-edition-pmbok-guide-chapter-9-leadership-styles-on-a-project/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2017 (2017). Stages of Team Development. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/groups-teams-and-teamwork-6/building-successful-teams-53/stages-of-team-development-270-1614/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2017]. com. (2017).personality styles, types, theories and psychometrics models, personality tests and quizzes theory. [online] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/personalitystylesmodels.htm [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. Bond university. (2017) Alan patching notes